China : Agenda for Water Sector Strategy for North China, Volume 3. Statistical Annexes
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Washington, DC
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The acute water shortage, and pollution
problems in North China have been exacerbated by the
continued population growth, and the accelerated industrial
expansion over the past half-century, conducive to
increasingly severe freshwater shortages, and catastrophic
consequences for the future. Significant commitments need to
be made to rapidly implement strategies to bring water
resource utilization back into a sustainable balance. The
report reviews past and present situations, focusing on the
future impacts of various social, and economic growth
scenarios within the context of water management, where
preconditions for its success are the combined requirements
of complementary pricing, management, and regulatory reforms
in water resources (including groundwater, water pollution,
and wastewater reuse). Findings suggest a water demand
management as proposed in the action plan - with further
water price increases, and improving irrigation efficiency.
Agricultural productivity depends on irrigation efficiency,
thus water management calls for water-savings measures,
low-yield land improvement, and, large-scale systems
rehabilitation. Structural water pollution remedy measures,
should focus on industrial wastewater pretreatment, and
internal reuse of processed water, pollution prevention
programs, and combined industrial, and municipal treatment
plants, to include as well artificial groundwater recharge
(wastewaters and floodwaters). Institutional aspects will
require further strengthening, regarding water resource
allocation, protection, and financing.
Palabras clave
WATER SECTOR, WATER RESOURCES, FLOOD CONTROL, GROUNDWATER BASINS, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, WATER POLLUTION, SAFE WATER SUPPLY, FOOD SECURITY, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT, GROUNDWATER PROTECTION, WATER RESOURCES ALLOCATION, ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS, INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS, LAND USE, WATER TREATMENT PLANTS, FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, WATER PRICES, WATER DEMAND, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, WATER UTILIZATION, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT WATER SECTOR, WATER RESOURCES, FLOOD CONTROL, GROUNDWATER BASINS, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, WATER POLLUTION, SAFE WATER SUPPLY, FOOD SECURITY, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT, GROUNDWATER PROTECTION, WATER RESOURCES ALLOCATION, ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS, INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS, LAND USE, WATER TREATMENT PLANTS, FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, WATER PRICES, WATER DEMAND, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, WATER UTILIZATION, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE, BASIN, BASIN COMMISSION, BASIN PROJECT, BASIN WATER, BOD, BREWING, CALIBRATION, CHANNELS, COD, CROP PRODUCTION, DEMAND MANAGEMENT, DISCHARGE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, FARMERS, FARMING, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOOD MANAGEMENT, FORESTRY, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, HEAVY METALS, HYDROPOWER, INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT, INDUSTRIAL WASTE, INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER, INVESTMENT PROGRAM, IRRIGATED AREA, IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT, IRRIGATION SCHEME, LARGE IRRIGATION, LEVEE, MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER, MUNICIPAL WATER, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, PAPER INDUSTRY, PERMITS, POINT SOURCES, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PROGRAMS, PUMPS, RAINFALL, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RESERVOIRS, RIVER, RIVER BASIN, RIVER BASIN COMMISSION, RIVER BASINS, RIVERS, SCIENCES, SEWERAGE SYSTEMS, SURFACE WATER, SURFACE WATER RUNOFF, SUSPENDED SOLIDS, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER DEMAND, WATER LAW, WATER LOSS, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER POLLUTION, WATER RESEARCH, WATER REUSE, WATER SECTOR, WATER SHORTAGE, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SYSTEM, WATER TRANSFER, WATER TREATMENT, WATER TREATMENT PLANT, WATER USE