Study on Comparative Efficiencies in Vaccine Procurement Mechanisms
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Vaccinations are amongst the most
cost-effective public health interventions. Vaccine
procurement is a complex issue that interweaves the domains
of public health, commodity security, ethics, and
procurement. Its cross-disciplinary nature means that
neither a straightforward analysis stemming from just one
discipline nor a cookie-cutter application of World Bank
procurement principles of economy, efficiency, equal
opportunity, promoting domestic contracting and transparency
will lead to an optimal solution. A more holistic approach
is required. The World Bank has therefore historically
considered vaccine procurement as 'special' and
has allowed for exceptions from its guidelines for World
Bank funded vaccine procurement. The study was designed to
provide strong operational recommendations for issues such
as efficiency, price, quality control, and logistics
management. This study is intended mainly for internal
purposes to facilitate discussions with Operations Policy
and Country Service (OPCS) regarding refining the World
Bank's position on procurement or supply of vaccine
through United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTING, ADVERTISEMENT, AUDITORS, AUDITS, AVERAGE PRICE, AVERAGE PRICES, BCG, BIDDING, BIOLOGICALS, BUDGETING, BUFFER STOCK, BUYER, BUYERS, CAPABILITIES, CAPABILITY, CAPACITY BUILDING, CENTRAL MEDICAL STORES, CERTIFICATE, CERTIFICATION, CLINICAL TRIALS, COLD CHAIN, COLLUSION, COMMERCIAL AGENT, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMPETITIVE BIDDING, CONFLICT OF INTEREST, COOKIE, CORRUPTION, CUSTOM, DELIVERY OF GOODS, DIAGNOSTICS, DIARRHOEAL DISEASES, DIFFERENTIAL PRICING, DIPHTHERIA, DOMAINS, DRUGS, EFFECTIVE VACCINES, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, EQUIPMENT, ESSENTIAL DRUGS, ETHICS, EXPENDITURE, FILLERS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FIXED COST, FIXED COSTS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, GLOBAL MARKET, GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES, GOVERNMENT FUNDING, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH WORKERS, HEPATITIS, HEPATITIS B VACCINE, HIV/AIDS, HOSPITALS, HUMAN RESOURCE, HUMAN RESOURCE CAPACITY, INITIATIVE, INSPECTION, INSPECTIONS, INSTITUTION, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES, INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING, INVENTORY, LEADERSHIP, MANAGEMENT SERVICES, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, MARKETING, MARKETPLACE, MEASLES, MEASLES VACCINES, MEDICAL DEVICES, MEDICAL STORES, MENINGITIS, MONOPOLY, ORDER PLACEMENT, PACKAGING, PATENTS, PAYMENT TERMS, PERSONAL COMMUNICATION, PERTUSSIS, PHARMACEUTICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING, PHARMACEUTICALS, POLIO ERADICATION, POLIO VACCINE, POOLED PROCUREMENT, PRICE COMPARISON, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROCUREMENT, PROCUREMENT POLICIES, PROCUREMENT PROCESS, PROCUREMENT VALUE, PROCUREMENTS, PRODUCT QUALITY, PRODUCT SPECIFICATION, PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION, PROTOCOLS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC MONEYS, PURCHASING, QUALITY OF VACCINES, REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS, REGULATORY SYSTEM, RELIABILITY, RESULT, RESULTS, RISK FACTOR, RUBELLA, SALE, SALES, SITES, SPOT MARKET, SPREAD, STOCK MANAGEMENT, SUPERVISION, SUPPLIER, SUPPLIERS, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, SYRINGES, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TENDERING, TETANUS, TIME PERIOD, TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME, TRANSPARENCY, TUBERCULOSIS, TURNOVER, TURNOVER RATES, USES, VACCINATION, VACCINATION CAMPAIGNS, VACCINE MANUFACTURERS, VACCINE PRODUCTION, VACCINES, YELLOW FEVER