Weather and Climate Services in Europe and Central Asia : A Regional Review

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2012-05-25T20:00:40Z
dc.date2012-05-25T20:00:40Z
dc.date2008
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:00:36Z
dc.descriptionThis paper reviews the status of weather and climate services in Europe and Central Asia (ECA).Worldwide, the accuracy and value of weather and climate services are rising, bringing great economic benefits. However, many National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in Europe and Central Asia are in decline. As a result, these potential gains are often missed. Much more could be done to mitigate weather disasters, support the productivity of smallholding and commercial agriculture, conserve energy, and promote safe aviation and transport by road and rail. Although NMHS capacity deficiencies are serious, they could be significantly remedied by relatively modest but sustained investments. Economic assessments indicate substantial benefit-to-cost ratios for such initiatives. A strategy for NMHS service improvement requires assessment of national climate, user needs, NMHS status and provision of services, and the economic benefits of an upgrade to weather and climate services. recommendations for agency modernization should include (a) a prioritized plan for improving data delivery to national users, (b) identification of the highest-priority infrastructure investments, and (c) a reasonable phasing plan for overall modernization.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9660486/weather-climate-services-europe-central-asia-regional-review
dc.identifier978-0-8213-7585-3
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6464
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7585-3
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/414175
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC : World Bank
dc.relationWorld Bank Working Paper; No. 151
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectAEROSOLS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAGROMETEOROLOGY
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR CIRCULATION
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY
dc.subjectALTITUDE
dc.subjectANTICYCLONES
dc.subjectATMOSPHERE
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectBENCHMARKING
dc.subjectBENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCITIES
dc.subjectCLIENT COUNTRIES
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
dc.subjectCLIMATE FORECASTS
dc.subjectCLIMATE MODELS
dc.subjectCLIMATE SYSTEM
dc.subjectCLIMATOLOGICAL DATA
dc.subjectCLIMATOLOGY
dc.subjectCLOUDINESS
dc.subjectCLOUDS
dc.subjectCYCLONE
dc.subjectCYCLONES
dc.subjectDAMAGES
dc.subjectDATA COLLECTION
dc.subjectDATA GATHERING
dc.subjectDATA SHARING
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDONATIONS
dc.subjectDROUGHT
dc.subjectDROUGHT MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectDUST
dc.subjectECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subjectECONOMIC MODELS
dc.subjectECONOMIC RATE OF RETURN
dc.subjectECONOMIC SECTORS
dc.subjectECONOMIC STRUCTURE
dc.subjectECONOMIC VALUE
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectEVAPORATION
dc.subjectEVAPOTRANSPIRATION
dc.subjectEXPLOITATION
dc.subjectFARMS
dc.subjectFISH
dc.subjectFISHERIES
dc.subjectFISHING
dc.subjectFLOODING
dc.subjectFLOODS
dc.subjectFOG
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectFORESTS
dc.subjectFROST
dc.subjectGCM
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL
dc.subjectGLOBAL INTEREST
dc.subjectGLOBAL NETWORK
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHAIL
dc.subjectHYDROLOGY
dc.subjectHYDROMETEOROLOGY
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
dc.subjectIPCC
dc.subjectIRRIGATION
dc.subjectLAKES
dc.subjectLAND COVER
dc.subjectLAND TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLEISURE
dc.subjectMEDIA
dc.subjectMETEOROLOGICAL DATA
dc.subjectMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
dc.subjectMETEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES
dc.subjectMETEOROLOGY
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectNATIONAL ECONOMIES
dc.subjectNATIONAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectOCEANS
dc.subjectOPTIMIZATION
dc.subjectPARTICULATES
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPRECIPITATION
dc.subjectPRECIPITATION RATE
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectRADIO
dc.subjectRAIN
dc.subjectRAINFALL
dc.subjectRELATIVE HUMIDITY
dc.subjectRIVER BASINS
dc.subjectRIVERS
dc.subjectRUNOFF
dc.subjectRURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectSEAS
dc.subjectSEVERE STORMS
dc.subjectSEVERE WEATHER
dc.subjectSIBERIA
dc.subjectSINK
dc.subjectSNOW
dc.subjectSOIL
dc.subjectSTORMS
dc.subjectSTRATOSPHERE
dc.subjectSTREAMS
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATION
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTELECOMS
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE
dc.subjectTROPOSPHERE
dc.subjectUPPER ATMOSPHERE
dc.subjectVALUATION
dc.subjectVARIABLE PRECIPITATION
dc.subjectWEATHER
dc.subjectWEATHER DISASTERS
dc.subjectWEATHER EVENTS
dc.subjectWEATHER FORECASTING
dc.subjectWEATHER FORECASTS
dc.subjectWEATHER HAZARDS
dc.subjectWEATHER INFORMATION
dc.subjectWEATHER MONITORING
dc.subjectWEATHER PATTERNS
dc.subjectWEATHER PREDICTION
dc.subjectWEATHER REPORTS
dc.subjectWEATHER SERVICES
dc.subjectWEATHER STATIONS
dc.subjectWILLINGNESS TO PAY
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectWIND SPEED
dc.subjectWINDS
dc.subjectWMO
dc.subjectWORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWORLD WEATHER WATCH
dc.subjectWTP
dc.titleWeather and Climate Services in Europe and Central Asia : A Regional Review

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