A Portfolio Review of World Bank Rice Projects
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Rice is the world’s most heavily
consumed staple crop. Its production requires enormous
volumes of water and emits large quantities of atmospheric
methane, a greenhouse gas some many times more powerful than
carbon dioxide - particularly during a medium term period of
about seven years. In a global context of growing
population, increasingly scarce water resources, and climate
change, more productive, sustainable, and efficient rice
production warrants clear priority. The incidence of
droughts associated with climate change is projected to
increase in rain fed rice-growing areas, and may very well
extend further into water-scarce irrigated areas. A variety
of climate-smart practices and technologies are available
which can move rice production towards a triple win scenario
which entails increased productivity, enhanced resilience,
and improved greenhouse gas mitigation. This review of World
Bank projects focus on the application of sustainable
principles in rice production in 172 Bank projects that were
approved between 1984 and 2011. These had a total lending
volume of 10.9 billion dollars. Their development outcomes
are gauged based on the projects’ implementation completion
reports, which also document lessons learned and results in
greater detail.
Palabras clave
CGIAR, MANURE, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, ORGANIC MATTER, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH PROJECT, CARBON DIOXIDE, BIOSAFETY, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, SOIL CONSERVATION, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, PESTICIDE, ROOTS, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, NITROGEN FERTILIZERS, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, RICE CROP, AGRONOMY, CGIAR CONSULTATIVE GROUP, PLANNING, GENETIC CHANGE, GERMPLASM, GREENHOUSE GAS, PESTICIDES, WATER RESOURCES, AGRICULTURE RESEARCH, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, LANDS, POVERTY REDUCTION, FERTILIZERS, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, MAIZE, ORGANIC MANURE, RICE GERMPLASM, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, CROP PRODUCTION, CEREALS, DISEASES, UPLAND RICE, TRAINING, THRESHING, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, SEEDS, INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT, CROP ROTATION, BIODIVERSITY, INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PESTICIDE USE, BURN AGRICULTURE, MARKETS, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ORGANIC FERTILIZER, FORESTRY, TILLERS, NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, INDICATORS, RESEARCH, AVERAGE YIELD, FARMING, LIVESTOCK, FARMERS, NATURAL RESOURCES, CROPS, INFRASTRUCTURE, SOIL MANAGEMENT, TECHNOLOGY, HYBRID SEEDS, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, EXTENSION AGENTS, FOOD SECURITY, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, CROP, CLIMATE CHANGE, SEEDLINGS, SCIENCE, PESTS, RICE YIELDS, CREDIT, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROGRAM, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, REPORTS, AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION, CROPPING, ORGANIC FERTILIZERS, MEXICO, CROPPING SEASONS, AGRICULTURE, NITROUS OXIDE, PESTICIDE APPLICATION, FAO, NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RICE RESEARCH, PEST MANAGEMENT, FOOD STORAGE, IRRI, INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT, DISEASE RESISTANCE, FEMALE FARMERS, COTTON, FISHERIES, MOA, WOMEN FARMERS, QUARANTINE, GRAIN STORAGE, INVESTMENT, IRRIGATION, WATERSHED, FERTILIZER RESEARCH, BREEDING, CARBON SINKS, RICE CULTIVATION, RICE VARIETIES, ECOLOGY, INNOVATION, POPULATION, WHEAT, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, RICE, CROP RESIDUES, METHANE, SOIL FERTILITY, MECHANICAL WEEDING, CROP MANAGEMENT, GREEN REVOLUTION, RESISTANT VARIETIES, AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION, FARMING SYSTEMS, HYV, COMMODITY PRICES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SEASONS, RESISTANCE BREEDING, GRAIN, SOIL QUALITY, HARVEST, SALINIZATION