Climate and ecosystem service benefits of forests and trees for agriculture
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FAO ; SEI ; CIF ; TNC ;
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Forests and trees are powerful, often undervalued allies of agriculture. This publication—developed by FAO, SEI, The Nature Conservancy and Conservation International—synthesizes the latest science on how forests and trees regulate climate, water and ecosystem functions that directly underpin agricultural performance. It examines their positive influence on temperature, rainfall patterns, water availability, soil fertility, pollination and pest management across multiple scales.Unlocking these benefits requires integrated landscape approaches, cross-sector governance, and policies that recognize forest conservation, restoration and sustainable use as strategic investments in food security, public health and climate resilience. Promoting forest–agriculture synergies offers a pathway toward more productive, sustainable and equitable agrifood systems.