The Effectiveness of World Bank Support for Community-Based and Driven Development : Engaging the Poor through CBD and CDD Initiatives--A Brazil Country Study with a Focus on the Northeast
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Since the 1980s and early 1990s, the
World Bank has been supporting projects that involve
communities own development. This has been largely
manifested in the design and implementation of
community-based development (CBD) and community-driven
development (CDD) initiatives, with the latter gaining
increasing momentum in recent years. The purpose of this
study was to assess the development effectiveness of the
Brazil portfolio of CBD and CDD interventions as an input to
the Bank-wide independent evaluation group (IEG) evaluation
of CBD and CDD initiatives. This portfolio includes thirty
projects (which are either CBD or CDD or include a CBD and
CDD component) approved between FY1989 and FY2003. The
evaluation framework for this study is based on operations
evaluation department's (OED's) objective-based
approach. It addresses issues related to the outcomes of CBD
and CDD projects - including relevance, efficacy, and
efficiency - their institutional development impact and
sustainability. For the assessment of virtually all CBD and
CDD projects in the Brazil portfolio, this study draws on a
desk review of available project documents and
self-evaluation reports. This study is structured around
IEG's evaluation framework. Chapter one gives scope and
methodology of the study. Chapter two sets the context, by
providing background information on issues relevant to CBD
and CDD interventions in Brazil. Chapter three presents a
description of the portfolio being assessed. Chapter four
assesses the outcomes of CBD and CDD projects, including
their relevance to the country situation and the Bank's
assistance strategy, their efficacy and to the extent
possible, their efficiency. Chapter five addresses issues of
institutional development, by exploring capacity enhancement
at three levels - borrower, communities, and project
municipal councils as well as the role played by
non-government organizations (NGOs) in CBD and CDD projects.
Chapter six examines the extent to which CBD and CDD
projects are likely to be sustainable in the long run.
Chapter seven concludes with lessons learned and possible
implications for future support to CBD and CDD initiatives
in Brazil. The annexes present in more details the evidence
on which the arguments advanced in this study are based.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO LAND, ACCOUNTABILITY, ACCOUNTING, ACCOUNTING RECORDS, ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, ASSETS, AUDITING, AUTONOMY, BANKS, CIVIL SERVICE, COLONIZATION, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, DECENTRALIZATION, DESCRIPTION, DISABLED PERSONS, DROUGHT, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT, EXTREME POVERTY, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, FARMERS, FISCAL DEFICITS, FOOD BASKET, FUNDS FLOW, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL DATA, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, HYGIENE, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME POVERTY, INEQUALITY, INHABITANTS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IMPACT, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT, INTEREST GROUPS, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, LACK OF INFORMATION, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND PRICES, LAND REFORM, LAND REFORM BENEFICIARIES, LAND USE, LANDLESS FAMILIES, LEGISLATION, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOCAL COUNCILS, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, LOCAL LEVEL, LOCAL PARTICIPATION, MAYORS, METROPOLITAN AREAS, MUNICIPAL, MUNICIPAL COUNCILS, MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT, MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS, MUNICIPAL LEVEL, MUNICIPALITIES, MUNICIPALITY, NATURAL RESOURCES, OVERHEAD COSTS, PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT, PER CAPITA INCOME, POOR, POOR AREAS, POOR HEALTH, POOR LIVING, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION EFFORTS, POVERTY THRESHOLD, PRESENT VALUE, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PUBLIC, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC RESOURCES, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPENDING, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC WORKS, RECIPROCITY, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, REVENUE COLLECTION, REVENUE SHARING, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL FAMILIES, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL LABORERS, RURAL PHENOMENON, RURAL POOR, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY ALLEVIATION, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL SECTOR, RURAL SETTLEMENTS, RURAL TRADE, SAFETY, SANITATION, SETTLEMENT, SETTLEMENTS, SMALL MUNICIPALITIES, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL SERVICES, STATE GOVERNMENT, STATE LAW, TARGETING, TARGETING MECHANISMS, TAX COLLECTION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TOWNS, TRADE UNIONS, TRAFFIC, TRANSPORT, URBAN AREAS, WATER SUPPLY