Rwanda Agricultural Sector Risk Assessment
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Agriculture is the dominant sector of
the economy, contributing a third of the country’s gross
domestic product (GDP) and about half of Rwanda’s export
earnings. The government of Rwanda has therefore made
agricultural development a priority and allocated
significant resources to improving productivity, expanding
the livestock sector, promoting sustainable land management,
and developing supply chains and value-added activities. At
the same time, Rwanda’s agriculture sector faces a series of
challenges. Agriculture is dominated by small-scale,
subsistence farming under traditional agricultural practices
and rain-fed agriculture. As a result, average crop yields
are low compared with potential yields, and exposed to risks
such as weather related shocks and pest and disease
outbreaks. The purpose of this report is to assess existing
risks to the agriculture sector, prioritize them according
to their frequency and impacts on the sector, and identify
areas of risk management solutions that need deeper
specialized attention. Three levels of risks are assessed:
production risks, market risks, and enabling environment
risks to selected supply chains. The report takes a
quantitative and qualitative approach to risks. The report
is structured as follows: chapter one gives introduction.
Chapter two provides an overview of Rwanda’s economy and the
role and structure of the agriculture sector. Agriculture
sector risks (production, market, and enabling environment
risks) for the selected food crops, export crops, and
livestock are analyzed in chapter three. Analysis of the
adverse impacts of agricultural risks at aggregate and
provincial levels, along with a stakeholder risk assessment
and a discussion of particularly vulnerable groups, is
presented in chapter four. Chapter five prioritizes
identified risks, discusses potential solutions areas,
summarizes feedback from consulted stakeholders, and
recommends solutions areas for further assessment.
Palabras clave
ROOTING, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CROP RESEARCH, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, FERTILIZER, CASSAVA PESTS, SORGHUM, HIGH-YIELDING VARIETIES, BEANS, YIELD LOSS, SOIL CONSERVATION, DRY SEASONS, CASSAVA MEALYBUG, COFFEE PESTS, CASSAVA, HORTICULTURAL CROPS, IFPRI, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, HEAVY RAINFALL, CULTIVARS, INTERCROPPING, FERTILIZERS, PEPPERS, CONSERVATION FARMING, GRAZING, ANIMAL HEALTH, CROP YIELD, PLANTS, YAMS, CROP PRODUCTION, CEREALS, COMMERCIALIZATION, WATERLOGGED SOILS, PINEAPPLES, ALTERNATIVE CROPS, COFFEE GROWERS, QUALITY SEED, COFFEE PRODUCTION, GRAIN RESERVES, FUR, SEEDS, CULTIVATION METHODS, CHLOROSIS, CROP ROTATION, PADDY, SEED, DRAINAGE, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, SUGAR CANE, INDICATORS, FARMERS, CROP NUTRITION, ANIMAL PRODUCTION, BARLEY, GRAIN BORER, CROPS, CARROTS, HUSBANDRY, BLACK SIGATOKA, TEA PLANTS, CROP YIELDS, PASTORALISM, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, CROP, PLANTAINS, SEED SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, CULTIVATION, LEATHER, MAIZE YIELDS, MAIZE PRODUCTION, REPORTS, TERRACING, CASSAVA PROCESSING, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING, COFFEE, FAO, DRY SEASON, PERENNIAL CROPS, FERTILIZER USE, PEST MANAGEMENT, EGGS, CROP LOSSES, DAM, COFFEE PRICES, EXPORT CROPS, MIXED CROPPING, MAIZE PLANTS, FISHERIES, DEGRADATION, RICE CULTIVARS, GROWING SEASON, EFFECTS OF DROUGHT, FARM, FOOD CROPS, FOOD SAFETY, DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE, SWEET POTATOES, FLOOD CONTROL, SEED PRODUCTION, COFFEE YIELDS, AVERAGE YIELDS, SOIL TYPES, CASSAVA MOSAIC VIRUS, YIELDS, SOIL FERTILITY, FLOUR, GRAIN, PRIVATE MILLS, COFFEE EXPORTS, LOW TEMPERATURES, TILLAGE, PRODUCTION COSTS, ACTUAL YIELDS, MAIZE STREAK VIRUS, HARVESTS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, RICE PRICES, POULTRY, DRY BEANS, COFFEE PROCESSING, COFFEE PLANTS, CROPPING PATTERNS, FARMER, FOOD CONSUMPTION, PRICE PREMIUM, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS, INSECT PESTS, ANIMALS, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, COFFEE FARMERS, PLANTING, GRAIN PRICES, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, TOMATOES, RICE CROP, WILT, PLANNING, GREEN BEANS, CROP VARIETIES, TREES, ANNUAL CROPS, WATER HARVESTING, CHERRIES, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PLANS, ROOT ROTS, MAIZE, CROP INSURANCE, HARVESTING SYSTEMS, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, PATHOGENS, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGROFORESTRY, CASH CROPS, AMARANTH, PRODUCTION OF RICE, DATES, PRICE VOLATILITY, SEED POLICY, TRANSHUMANCE, POTENTIAL YIELDS, TILLERS, FIELD WORK, FARMING, GRAINS, FOOD PRODUCTS, CONSUMER DEMAND, PRODUCE, SEED VARIETIES, FOOD SECURITY, TEA, INCOME RISKS, AGRIBUSINESS, ANTHESIS, RICE YIELDS, CROP PRICES, ANIMAL RESOURCES, FLOWERS, ANIMAL FEED, TUBERS, CASSAVA FLOUR, CROPPING, FLOOR PRICE, SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL LAND, SOWING, COFFEE PRODUCERS, RICE PRODUCTION, HARVESTING, IRRI, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, GROUNDNUTS, INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTER, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, POTATOES, ECOSYSTEMS, CASSAVA PRODUCTION, BANANAS, FARMS, MEAT, PLANT DISEASE, COOPERATIVES, CIP, WHEAT, SOILS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, RICE, PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES, FARMING SYSTEMS, RICE MILLS, COMMODITY, PLANTING MATERIALS, DOMESTIC MARKET PRICES, LAND MANAGEMENT, SUGAR