Trends in Maternal Mortality : 1990 to 2013
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Geneva: World Health Organization
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A number of initiatives that commenced
in recent years are geared towards achievement of the fifth
millennium development goal (MDG 5: improving maternal
health), most notably the launch of the global strategy for
women's and children's health in 2010 by the
United Nations (UN) Secretary-General. Measuring the MDG 5
target of reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by
three quarters between 1990 and 2015 remains a challenge.
Accordingly, the maternal mortality estimation inter-agency
group (MMEIG), comprising the World Health Organization
(WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations
Population Division (UNPD), and the World Bank, together
with a team at the National University of Singapore and
University of California at Berkeley, United States of
America, have been working together to generate
internationally comparable MMR estimates. The estimates for
2013 presented in this report are the seventh in a series of
analyses by the MMEIG to examine the global extent of
maternal mortality. Consultations with countries were
carried out following the development of the MMR estimates.
The purposes of the consultations were: to give countries
the opportunity to review the country estimates, data
sources, and methods; to obtain additional primary data
sources that may not have been previously reported or used
in the analyses; and to build mutual understanding of the
strengths and weaknesses of available data and ensure broad
ownership of the results. This report presents global,
regional, and country estimates of maternal mortality in
2013, as well as trends from 1990 to 2013. The report is
organized as follows: chapter one gives introduction;
chapter two provides an overview of the definitions and
approaches for measuring maternal mortality. Chapter three
is a detailed description of the methodology employed in
generating the estimates. Chapter four presents the
estimates and interpretation of the findings. Chapter five
assesses the progress towards MDG 5. The annexes and
appendices presents the sources of data for the country
estimates, as well as MMR estimates for the different
regional groupings for UNFPA, UNICEF, the UNPD, WHO, and the
World Bank.
Palabras clave
ABORTION, ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, ADULT MORTALITY, ADULTHOOD, ADVERSE OUTCOMES OF PREGNANCY, AGE DISTRIBUTION, AGE MORTALITY, AGED, AIDS DEATHS, ALGORITHM, ANTENATAL CARE, CAESAREAN SECTION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CAUSES OF DEATH, CENSUSES, CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES, CHILD HEALTH, CHILDBIRTH, CIVIL REGISTRATION, CIVIL REGISTRATION SYSTEMS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS, COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY, DATA AVAILABILITY, DATA COLLECTION, DATA SETS, DEATH CERTIFICATES, DEATH RATES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISEASES, DRUGS, E-MAIL, EARLY PREGNANCY, EPIDEMIC, EXERCISES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, GDP PER CAPITA, GIRLS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH CENTRE, HEALTH INFORMATION, HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS, HEALTH MANAGEMENT, HEALTH NEEDS, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HEALTH RESEARCH, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH WORKERS, HIV, HIV INFECTION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HUMAN RIGHTS, HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF FERTILITY, LEVEL OF MORTALITY, LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, LIFETIME RISK, LIVE BIRTH, LIVE BIRTHS, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, LOWER FERTILITY, MALARIA, MATERNAL AGE, MATERNAL CAUSES, MATERNAL DEATH, MATERNAL DEATHS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY DATA, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIOS, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MMR, MORTALITY LEVELS, MORTALITY RISKS, NEONATAL HEALTH, NEWBORN, NEWBORN CARE, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF WOMEN, NURSING, NUTRITION, OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS, PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, PHYSICIANS, POPULATION ESTIMATES, POPULATION STRUCTURES, POSTPARTUM PERIOD, PPP, PREGNANCIES, PREGNANCY, PREGNANCY STATUS, PREGNANCY-RELATED DEATHS, PREGNANT WOMEN, PROGRESS, PUERPERIUM, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, REFERRAL SYSTEMS, REGISTERED DEATHS, REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS, REPRODUCTIVE AGE, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, RESEARCH PURPOSES, RISK OF DEATH, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS, SIBLINGS, SKILLED ATTENDANT, STILLBIRTH, STRATEGY FOR WOMEN, TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY, TETANUS, TOTAL FERTILITY RATE, TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS, UNFPA, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, WOMAN, WORKFORCE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WORLD POPULATION