Subjective Wellbeing in Colombia : Some Insights on Vulnerability, Job Security, and Relative Incomes
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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A burgeoning literature explores the
extent to which consumption or income inadequately reflect
people's subjective wellbeing, just as GDP at times can
provide an incomplete and misleading picture of national
wellbeing. Scholars are increasingly using data on
subjective wellbeing to complement traditional welfare
indicators and to enrich our understanding of wellbeing and
quality of life. The paper builds on the present research
but it analyzes a much broader, more interdisciplinary, and
more policy-relevant range of potential determinants
simultaneously than currently existing in the literature on
subjective wellbeing. It first analyzes the relative
importance of a wide range of characteristics and conditions
at the individual, household, regional and macro levels on
levels of subjective wellbeing in Colombia in 2010/11; and
second, assesses the marginal effects of a number of factors
on perceived changes in levels of subjective wellbeing over
time for the same respondents from 2008/09 to 2010/11.
Findings show that increasing the quality of life of
Colombians is largely conditional on minimizing risks and
vulnerabilities: reducing the rate and duration of
unemployment; improving the delivery of public health
services; increasing the share of people with health and
pension plans; enhancing safety and security in communities;
and reducing levels of discrimination. It finds that job
loss has particularly strong effects on levels of
satisfaction that are larger than those for increased
income, while also controlling for a decrease in income that
is often related to being unemployed, suggesting that the
human welfare (non-pecuniary) costs of unemployment are
driving the strong effects. Moreover, any job, even a
low-quality job, is overall better for one's subjective
wellbeing than being unemployed. Finally, policy aimed at
improving people's subjective wellbeing will likely
have the greatest impact if focused on mitigating
vulnerabilities and negative shocks that people face.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTABILITY, AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, ANXIETY, ARMED CONFLICT, BASIC NEEDS, CASH TRANSFERS, CITIZENS, CRIME, CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA, DEMOCRACY, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISABILITY, DISCRIMINATION, DIVORCE, ECONOMIC FACTORS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INSECURITIES, ECONOMIC INSECURITY, ECONOMIC MOBILITY, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, ECONOMIC STATUS, EMPLOYABILITY, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, FAMILY RELATIONS, FARMERS, FINDING EMPLOYMENT, GDP, GENDER DIFFERENCES, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN WELFARE, ILLNESS, IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INSURANCE SCHEMES, JOB LOSS, JOB SEARCH, JOB SECURITY, LABOR MARKET, LABORERS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, MEASURES OF POVERTY, MEDICAL SERVICES, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MUTUAL RESPECT, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, PEACE, PERSONALITY, PHYSICAL HEALTH, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, POOR, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SAMPLING UNITS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROBIT REGRESSION, PROBIT REGRESSIONS, PROGRAMS, PROGRESS, PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC OPINION, PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS, QUALITY OF LIFE, REDUCING POVERTY, REMITTANCES, REMOTE AREAS, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SELF-ESTEEM, SERVICE DELIVERY, SEX, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL FACTORS, SOCIAL PROGRESS, SOCIAL TENSIONS, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, STABLE JOBS, TRAUMA, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, URBAN AREAS, VIOLENCE, VULNERABILITY, WELFARE INDICATORS, WELL BEING, WELL-BEING, WELLBEING, WORK ENVIRONMENT, WORKER, WORKERS, life satisfaction