An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
Policies to tax farmers in low-income
countries and policies to subsidize them in high-income
countries have been identified as a major source of the
disequilibrium of world agriculture. Recently, as many
high-performing economies in Asia advanced from the
low-income to the middle-income stage through successful
industrialization, they have been confronted with the
problem of a widening income gap between farm and non-farm
workers corresponding to rapid shifts in comparative
advantage from agriculture to manufacturing. In order to
prevent this disparity from culminating in serious social
and political instability, policies have been reoriented
toward supporting the income of farmers. At the same time,
governments in middle-income countries must continue to
secure low-cost food for the urban poor who are still large
in number. The need to achieve the two conflicting goals
under the still weak fiscal capacity of governments tends to
make agricultural policies in the middle-income stage
tinkering and ineffective. Greater research inputs in this
area are called for in order to prevent the growth momentum
of high-performing economies in Asia from being disrupted by
political crises.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ADVANCED COUNTRIES, AGGREGATE SUPPLY, AGRARIAN STRUCTURE, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL LABOUR, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, AVERAGE GROWTH, BORROWING, BUDGETARY CONSTRAINT, CAPITAL INTENSITY, CAPITAL MARKETS, CD, COMMERCIAL FARMS, COMMODITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, CONSUMERS, CREDITS, CRISES, DEBT, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISEQUILIBRIUM, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC PRICE, DOMESTIC PRICES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC RECESSIONS, ECONOMIC STATISTICS, ELASTICITY, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPORTS, FAMILY MEMBERS, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, FARM INCOME, FARM INCOMES, FARM PRODUCTS, FARM WORKERS, FARMERS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FOOD AID, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SHORTAGE, FOOD SUPPLY, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, GINI COEFFICIENT, GROWTH RATE, GROWTH RATES, HEAD COUNT INDEX, HIGH POPULATION DENSITY, HIGH WAGES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, INCOME, INCOME DISPARITY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GAP, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME LEVEL, INCOME LEVELS, INCOME SOURCES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INEFFICIENCY, INEQUALITY, INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL PRICES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IRRIGATION, LABOR ABSORPTION, LABOR ALLOCATION, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABORERS, LABOUR FORCE, LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY, LACK OF EXPERIENCE, LARGE ENTERPRISES, LENDERS, LIVING STANDARD, LOW-INCOME, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES, LOW-INCOME ECONOMY, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY, MARKET PRICES, MARKETING, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRY, MULTILATERAL TRADE, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL RESOURCES, NONFARM INCOME, OUTPUT, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POVERTY INDEXES, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREMIUM RATE, PRICE INDEX, PRICE SUPPORT, PRICE SUPPORTS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRODUCTIVITIES, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PUBLIC POLICY, RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION, RAPID POPULATION GROWTH, REAL GDP, RECESSIONS, RESERVE REQUIREMENT, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL LABOR, RURAL PEOPLE, SALES, SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES, STATE UNIVERSITY, SUPPORT PROGRAM, SUPPORT PROGRAMS, TAX, TAX RATE, TAX RATES, TAXATION, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, URBAN WORKERS, URUGUAY ROUND, VALUE ADDED, WAGE, WAGE RATES, WAGES, WAR, WEALTH, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD MARKET, WTO