Natural Resources, Weak States and Civil War : Can Rents Stabilize Coup Prone Regimes?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper argues that state weakness is broader than implied previously in the civil war literature, and that particular types of weakness in interaction with natural resources have aggravating or mitigating consequences for the risk of civil war. While in anocracies or unstable regimes natural resources can be expected to increase the risk of civil war, we suggest that resource wealth allows weak leaders to stabilize their relationship with their inner elite circle. In particular, for regimes at risk of coup d'etat, the availability of substantial resources is more likely to be channeled in ways that deter rebellion, plausibly countering the grievances generated by natural resources and rebels' viewing of such resources as a prize for taking over the state. Data from 1946-2003 and multiple empirical operationalizations broadly support our argument. These findings are consistent with work showing that resource rents can induce stability in state - society relationships.
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ACCOUNTING, ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, ARMED CONFLICT, ARMED CONFLICTS, ARMS, BANKS, BARGAINING, BATTLE, CITIZENS, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL WAR, CIVIL WARS, COLD WAR, COLLECTIVE ACTION, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, COUNTERINSURGENCY, COUPS D'ETAT, DEATHS, DEBT, DEMOCRACY, DEPENDENCE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISCRIMINATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENTREPRENEURS, ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION, ETHNIC GROUP, ETHNIC GROUPS, EXPLOITATION, FIGHTING, FOUNDATIONS, INCOME, INFORMATION EXCHANGE, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION, INTERNATIONAL SECURITY, MILITARY EXPENDITURES, MILITARY FORCES, MILITARY REGIMES, MILITARY SPENDING, NATIONS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, PEACE, PEACE RESEARCH, POLARIZATION, POLICE, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL POWER, POLITICAL SYSTEMS, POLITICAL VIOLENCE, POPULATION SIZE, PROGRESS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, QUANTITATIVE MEASURES, REBEL, REBEL ARMY, REBELS, RECONSTRUCTION, RENTS, REVOLUTION, REVOLUTIONS, RIOT, RIOTS, SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SOLDIERS, STATE UNIVERSITY, VIOLENT CONFLICT, VULNERABILITY, WAGES, WAR LITERATURE, WARS, WORLD DEVELOPMENT