Rethinking School Feeding Social Safety Nets, Child Development, and the Education Sector
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World Bank
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This review highlights three main
findings. First, school feeding programs in low-income
countries exhibit large variation in cost, with concomitant
opportunities for cost containment. Second, as countries get
richer, school feeding costs become a much smaller
proportion of the investment in education. For example, in
Zambia the cost of school feeding is about 50 percent of
annual per capita costs for primary education; in Ireland it
is only 10 percent. Further analysis is required to define
these relationships, but supporting countries to maintain an
investment in school feeding through this transition may
emerge as a key role for development partners. Third, the
main preconditions for the transition to sustainable
national programs are mainstreaming school feeding in
national policies and plans, especially education sector
plans; identifying national sources of financing; and
expanding national implementation capacity. Mainstreaming a
development policy for school feeding into national
education sector plans offers the added advantage of
aligning support for school feeding with the processes
already established to harmonize development partner support
for the education for all-fast track initiative.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, ANEMIA, ARITHMETIC SCORES, ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, ATTENDANCE OF CHILDREN, ATTENDANCE RATES, AVAILABILITY OF FOOD, AVAILABILITY OF TEXTBOOKS, BARRIERS TO EDUCATION, BASIC EDUCATION, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFICIARY, BILHARZIA, BLENDED FOODS, CAROTENE, CASH TRANSFER, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD ALLOWANCES, CHILD GROWTH, CHILD LABOR, CHILD NUTRITION, COGNITIVE FUNCTION, COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, COMMUNITY SCHOOLS, COMPLETION RATES, CONDITIONAL CASH, CONFLICT, COOKING, DIARRHEA, DIET, DIETARY ENERGY, DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN, DONOR SUPPORT, DROPOUT RATE, DROPOUT RATES, DRY RATIONS, EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION FOR ALL, EDUCATION GOALS, EDUCATION OUTCOMES, EDUCATION POLICY, EDUCATION SERVICES, EDUCATIONAL ACCESS, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS, EDUCATIONAL COSTS, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EDUCATORS, ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS, EMERGENCY SITUATIONS, ENROLLMENT OF BOYS, ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS, ENROLLMENT RATES, EQUITABLE ACCESS, FEMALE STUDENTS, FINANCIAL CRISES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FIRST GRADE, FLOUR, FOOD PREPARATION, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD PROGRAMS, FOOD QUALITY, FOOD RESOURCES, FOOD SECURITY, FORMAL EDUCATION, FORTIFIED FOODS, FREE FOOD, GENDER DIMENSIONS, GENDER EQUITY, GENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATION, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HIGH DROPOUT, HIGHER GRADES, HOME RATIONS, HORIZONTAL EQUITY, HOUSEHOLD BENEFIT, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUNGER, HYGIENE, IMPROVEMENT IN LITERACY, INCENTIVE SCHEMES, INCOME, INCOME SHOCKS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, INVOLVEMENT OF TEACHERS, IODINE, IRON, IRON DEFICIENCY, IRON SUPPLEMENTS, LEARNING, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, MALNOURISHED CHILDREN, MALNUTRITION, MATERNAL NUTRITION, MEAT, METABOLISM, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES, MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY, MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION, MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION, MICRONUTRIENTS, MINERALS, NATIONAL EDUCATION, NATIONAL SCHOOL, NEEDY CHILDREN, NET ENROLLMENT, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF STUDENTS, NUTRIENT, NUTRITION EDUCATION, NUTRITION INTERVENTION, NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS, NUTRITION POLICIES, NUTRITION PROGRAMS, NUTRITION SERVICES, NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS, NUTRITIONAL DEFICITS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION, OLDER CHILDREN, PARTICIPATION OF CHILDREN, POOR, POOR NUTRITION, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIMARY COMPLETION, PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY GRADE, PRIMARY GRADES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PROCESSED FOODS, PROVISION OF FOOD, PURCHASING POWER, QUALITY EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, READING, REPEATERS, RETENTION RATES, RICE, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SCHOOL AGE, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL BREAKFAST, SCHOOL CANTEENS, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOL COMPLETION, SCHOOL DAY, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL ENTRY, SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT, SCHOOL FACILITIES, SCHOOL FEEDING, SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS, SCHOOL FEES, SCHOOL GARDENS, SCHOOL HEALTH, SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE, SCHOOL LEVEL, SCHOOL MANAGEMENT, SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE, SCHOOL MEAL, SCHOOL MEALS, SCHOOL PARTICIPATION, SCHOOL PERFORMANCE, SCHOOL SNACKS, SCHOOL YEAR, SCHOOL-AGE, SCHOOL-AGE CHILD, SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN, SCHOOLCHILDREN, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SITE FEEDING, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL PENSIONS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SPECIAL NEEDS, STUDENT LEARNING, TARGETED TRANSFERS, TARGETING, TEACHER, TEACHING, TRANSFER PROGRAM, UNIVERSAL COVERAGE, VERTICAL EQUITY, VITAMIN, VITAMIN A, VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION, VITAMINS, VULNERABLE CHILDREN, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME