Innovative Tokyo
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
World Bank, Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
This paper compares and contrasts Tokyo's innovation structure with the industrial districts model and the international hub model in the literature on urban and regional development. The Tokyo model embraces and yet transcends both industrial districts and international hub models. The paper details key elements making up the Tokyo model-organizational knowledge creation, integral and co-location systems of corporate R&D and new product development, test markets, industrial districts and clusters, participative consumer culture, continuous learning from abroad, local government policies, the national system of innovation, and the historical genesis of Tokyo in Japan's political economy. The paper finds that the Tokyo model of innovation will continue to evolve with the changing external environment, but fundamentally retains its main characteristics. The lessons from the Tokyo model is that openness, a diversified industrial base, the continuing development of new industries, and an emphasis on innovation, all contribute to the dynamism of a major metropolitan region.
Palabras clave
BUSINESS NETWORKS, BUSINESS SERVICES, CITIES, COLLABORATION, COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE, COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, COMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, COST EFFECTIVENESS, DIVIDENDS, DIVISION OF LABOR, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, ENGINEERS, EQUIPMENT, EXCHANGE RATES, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, IMPORTS, INCOME, INFLATION, INNOVATION, INNOVATIONS, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION, INVENTIONS, ISOLATION, LABOR FORCE, LABORATORIES, LEARNING, MANAGERS, MARKETING, MOTIVATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, PATENTS, PERSONAL COMPUTERS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION PLANNING, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROGRAMS, RADIO, RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, RESEARCH PROJECTS, RESEARCH RESULTS, RIVER BASINS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SCIENCE; TECHNOLOGY, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS, SOCIOLOGY, STIMULANTS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEPHONES, TRANSACTION COSTS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIVERSITIES, URBANIZATION, WAGES, WEIGHT, WORKERS, WORKPLACE