Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Volume I-A. Health Study Final Report
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
The Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Study
evaluates the effects of improved fuel specifications on
refiningoperations and air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa
(SSA). The improved fuel specifications would reduce the
levels of certain pollutants in fuels, in turn reducing
human exposure to these pollutants in ambient air. The
health study estimates the health impacts and associated
monetary benefits associated with the proposed improvements
in fuel quality. The estimated monetary benefits will be
compared to the costs to the refining industry associated
with a change in fuel specifications, by region, as
presented in Volume II,the Refinery Study
Palabras clave
ACID, ADVANCED ENGINE, AEROSOLS, AGING, AIR, AIR CONCENTRATIONS, AIR POLLUTANT, AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS, AIR POLLUTANTS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT, AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS, AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT, AIR QUALITY MODELING, AIR QUALITY MONITORING, ALTITUDE, AMBIENT AIR, AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS, AMBIENT OZONE, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, AUTOMOBILES, BENZENE, BENZENE CONTENT, BENZENE EMISSIONS, BENZENE LEVELS, BIOMASS, BOILERS, BUS, BUSES, CALCULATION, CARBON, CARBON COMPOUNDS, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARS, CATALYSTS, CH4, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, CLEAN AIR, CLEAN FUELS, CLIMATE, CLOUD COVER, CO, CO2, COAL, COMBUSTION, COMMERCIAL VEHICLES, DECISION MAKING, DIESEL, DIESEL EMISSIONS, DIESEL ENGINES, DIESEL FUEL, DIESEL FUEL SPECIFICATIONS, DIESEL VEHICLES, DOMESTIC EMISSIONS, DRAINAGE, DRIVING, DUST, ELASTICITY, EMISSION, EMISSION CONTROL, EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, EMISSION DATA, EMISSION FACTOR, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSION INSPECTION, EMISSION INVENTORY, EMISSION LEVELS, EMISSION LIMITS, EMISSION RATE, EMISSION RATES, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION SCENARIOS, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSION TEST, EMISSION TESTING, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS CONTROL, EMISSIONS DATA, EMISSIONS ESTIMATES, EMISSIONS FACTORS, EMISSIONS FROM ROAD, EMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRANSPORT, EMISSIONS INVENTORIES, EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS, EMISSIONS RESULTS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS, EXHAUST GAS, EXPOSURE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS, FINE PARTICLES, FOOD PREPARATION, FRICTION VELOCITY, FUEL, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL ECONOMY, FUEL INJECTION, FUEL OIL, FUEL QUALITY, FUEL SPECIFICATIONS, FUEL TYPE, FUEL TYPES, FUEL USE, FUELS, FUGITIVE EMISSIONS, GAS RECIRCULATION, GAS STATIONS, GASOLINE, GASOLINE SULFUR, GASOLINE SULFUR CONTENT, GASOLINE VEHICLES, GHG, GHGS, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE EFFECT, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HFCS, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, HUMIDITY, INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INSPECTION, LAND USE, LEVELS OF EMISSIONS, LOCAL AIR QUALITY, METALS, METEOROLOGICAL DATA, METEOROLOGY, METHANE, MIXING HEIGHT, MODE OF TRANSPORTATION, MODES OF TRANSPORT, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MOTOR VEHICLE, MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC, MOTOR VEHICLES, MOTORCYCLE ENGINES, MOTORCYCLE TRAVEL, MOTORCYCLE USE, MOTORCYCLES, N2O, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, NITRATE, NITRATES, NITROGEN, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, NITROGEN OXIDES, NITROUS OXIDE, NO2, NOX, O3, OXIDATION CATALYST, OXIDES OF SULFUR, OZONE, OZONE CONCENTRATION, PARTICLES, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATES, PASSENGER VEHICLES, PERFLUOROCARBONS, PETROL, PFCS, PM10, POLLUTANT EMISSION, POLLUTANT EMISSIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, POLLUTION EMISSION, POLLUTION IMPACTS, POLLUTION PROBLEMS, POPULATION DENSITY, POWER PLANTS, PP, PRIVATE VEHICLES, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLES, QUALITY OF LIFE, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, RADIATION, RAINFALL, REFINERY, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD TRAFFIC, ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, ROAD VEHICLES, ROADS, ROADWAY, ROUTES, SANITATION, SCREENING, SF6, SMOKERS, SO2, SOOT, SOX, SULFATE, SULFATES, SULFUR, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SULPHUR, SURFACE OZONE, SUSPENDED DUST, TAILPIPE EMISSIONS, TAILPIPE EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, TAXIS, TEMPERATURE, TIRES, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TOWNS, TRAFFIC POLLUTION, TRANSIT, TRANSPORT AUTHORITY, TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITY, TRUCKS, TRUE, UNEP, URBAN AREAS, URBAN TRANSPORT, VEHICLE, VEHICLE EMISSION, VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL, VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS, VEHICLE EMISSIONS, VEHICLE FLEET, VEHICLE KILOMETERS, VEHICLE TRAFFIC, VEHICLE TRAVEL, VEHICLE TYPES, VEHICLE-KILOMETERS, VENTILATION, VOC, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, WASTE, WIND, WIND SPEED