The Empirical Landscape of Trade Policy

Crowley, Meredith A; Bown, Chad P.

The Empirical Landscape of Trade Policy

Autores

Crowley, Meredith A

Bown, Chad P.

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

This paper surveys empirically the broad features of trade policy in goods for 31 major economies that collectively represented 83 percent of the world's population and 91 percent of the world's GDP in 2013. It addresses the following five questions: Do some countries have more liberal trading regimes than others? Within countries, which industries receive the most import protection? How do trade policies change over time? Do countries discriminate among their trading partners when setting trade policy? Finally, how liberalized is world trade? The analysis documents the extent of cross-sectional heterogeneity in applied commercial policy across countries, their economic sectors, and their trading partners, over time. It concludes that substantial trade policy barriers remain as an important feature of the world economy.

Palabras clave

ANTIDUMPING DUTY, EXPORT MARKETS, SUBSIDY PROGRAMS, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, AD VALOREM, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS, REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, APPELLATE BODY REPORTS, TRADE RULES, EXPORT LICENSES, FOREIGN PRODUCERS, IMPORTING COUNTRIES, TRADE BARRIERS, POLITICAL REASONS, COUNTERVAILING DUTIES, INTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEM, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES, NATIONAL TREATMENT, DOMESTIC MARKET, TRADE FLOWS, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS, TRADE NEGOTIATORS, IMPORTED PRODUCTS, PANEL REPORTS, IMPOSING COUNTERVAILING DUTIES, EXTERNAL TRADE, MARKET ACCESS, FREE TRADE, INTERNATIONAL BANK, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, DISCRIMINATORY MANNER, IMPORTED GOODS, TRADE AGREEMENTS, TRADE BARRIER, PRODUCTION PROCESS, IMPORT LICENSES, EXPORTING COUNTRY, PUBLIC POLICY, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, DOMESTIC LAWS, COUNTERVAILING DUTY INVESTIGATION, GLOBAL ECONOMY, MULTILATERAL SYSTEM, TRADE RESTRICTIONS, DOMESTIC SUBSIDIES, TRADE INTEGRATION, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, REGIONAL AIRCRAFT, DOMESTIC PRODUCERS, REGIONAL TRADE, CASE LAW, CUSTOMS, IMPORT POLICY, CONTRACTING PARTIES, TAX EXEMPTIONS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW, EXPORT RESTRAINTS, IMPORT RESTRICTIONS, AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES, COUNTERVAILING MEASURES, TRADE POLICY, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, CUSTOMS VALUATION, REDUCTION COMMITMENTS, AGREEMENT ON TEXTILES, EXPORT MARKET, TRADE POLICIES, ANTIDUMPING LAWS, TRADE PREFERENCE, CURRENCY VALUES, AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE, ANTIDUMPING MEASURES, PRICE UNDERTAKING, MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS, COMPLAINING COUNTRY, TRADE LAW, INTERNAL MARKET, TREATY OBLIGATIONS, AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, EXPORTING COUNTRIES, COMPETITION POLICY, FINANCIAL CRISIS, POLITICAL SYSTEMS, FOREIGN COUNTRIES, PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS, EUROPEAN UNION, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, EXPORT PRODUCTS, DEVELOPING WORLD, SAFEGUARD MEASURES, IMPORT COMPETITION, PRODUCTION STANDARDS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, ANTIDUMPING CODE, FOREIGN EXPORTERS, MANAGED TRADE, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, TRADE AGENDA, WORLD TRADING SYSTEM, PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT, COMMON PROPERTY, GLOBAL TRADING, TRADE DIVERSION, SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES, LABOR STANDARDS, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, APPELLATE BODY REPORT, INTERNATIONAL RULES, IMPORTING COUNTRY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, TRADE, DOMESTIC PRICES, TRADING SYSTEM, MARKET SHARE, LEGAL SYSTEM, APPELLATE BODY, RECOURSE, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, CUSTOMS UNIONS, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, IMPORT PROHIBITION, BOVINE MEAT, IMPORT POLICIES, LEGAL REQUIREMENTS, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, POLICY RESEARCH, AGREEMENT ON IMPORT LICENSING PROCEDURES, POLICY TOOL, EXCHANGE RATE, ACCORD, TECHNICAL BARRIERS, TRADE REGIME, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, WORLD MARKET, DOMESTIC INDUSTRY, DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS, NATIONAL TRADE POLICY, COMMITTEE ON ANTI-DUMPING PRACTICES