Democratic Jihad? Military Intervention and Democracy
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Democracies rarely if ever fight one
another, but they participate in wars as frequently as
autocracies. They tend to win the wars in which they
participate. Democracies frequently build large alliances in
wartime, but not only with other democracies. From time to
time democracies intervene militarily in ongoing conflicts.
The democratic peace may contribute to a normative
justification for such interventions, for the purpose of
promoting democracy and eventually for the promotion of
peace. This is reinforced by an emerging norm of
humanitarian intervention. Democracies may have a motivation
to intervene in non-democracies, even in the absence of
ongoing conflict, for the purpose of regime change. The
recent Iraq War may be interpreted in this perspective. A
strong version of this type of foreign policy may be
interpreted as a democratic crusade. The paper examines the
normative and theoretical foundations of democratic
interventionism. An empirical investigation of interventions
in the period 1960-96 indicates that democracies intervene
quite frequently, but rarely against other democracies. In
the short term, democratic intervention appears to be
successfully promoting democratization, but the target
states tend to end up among the unstable semi-democracies.
The most widely publicized recent interventions are targeted
on poor or resource-dependent countries in non-democratic
neighborhoods. Previous research has found these
characteristics to reduce the prospects for stable
democracy. Thus, forced democratization is unpredictable
with regard to achieving long-term democracy and potentially
harmful with regard to securing peace. But short-term
military successes may stimulate more interventions until
the negative consequences become more visible.
Palabras clave
ACTIVE INVOLVEMENT, ALLIANCES, APARTHEID, ARMED CONFLICT, ARMED CONFLICTS, ARMS, ARMS RACE, AUTOCRACY, CITIZENS, CIVIL LIBERTIES, CIVIL WAR, CIVIL WARS, COERCION, COLD WAR, COMMUNISM, DEFENSE, DEMOCRACIES, DEMOCRACY, DEMOCRATIC NORMS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DICTATORSHIP, DISSOLUTION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ELECTION, ELECTIONS, ELECTORATE, ETHNIC GROUP, EUROPEAN UNION, FOREIGN POLICY, FREEDOM, FREEDOM OF SPEECH, GENOCIDE, GOOD GOVERNANCE, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, GRASS-ROOTS, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS, HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION, IMPERIALISM, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL LAW, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION, INTERNATIONAL PEACE, JUNTA, LEGISLATION, LIBERALS, MARKET ECONOMY, MIDDLE EAST, MIDWIFE, MILITARY INTERVENTION, MILITARY REGIMES, MINORITY, NATIONAL INTEREST, NATIONAL SECURITY, NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY, OFFICIAL SECRETS, OPPONENTS, PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS, PEACE, PEACE RESEARCH, PEACEFUL CHANGE, PEACEKEEPING, PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL CHANGE, POLITICAL DEMOCRACY, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, POLITICAL RIGHTS, POLITICAL SCIENCE, POLITICAL SOLIDARITY, PROGRESS, PUBLIC DEBATE, RESEARCH COMMUNITY, RESPECT, SELF-CONFIDENCE, TERRORISM, TREATY, UNITED NATIONS, VIETNAM WAR, WARS, WARTIME, WEAPONS, WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, WESTERN EUROPE, WOMAN, WORLD COMMUNITY, WORLD POPULATION