Biodiversity and National Accounting

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dc.creatorHamilton, Kirk
dc.date2013-09-04T17:00:12Z
dc.date2013-09-04T17:00:12Z
dc.date2013-05
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:02:16Z
dc.descriptionBiodiversity, a property of natural areas, provides a range of benefits to the economy including bioprospecting rents, knowledge and insurance, ecotourism fees, and ecosystem services. Many of these values can be broken out in the System of National Accounts, leading to better estimates of the economic losses when natural areas are degraded or destroyed. Developing countries harbor the great majority of biodiversity, and this diversity provides benefits, including knowledge and carbon sequestration, to the whole world. However, protecting biodiversity is particularly costly for developing countries: the opportunity cost of foregoing development of natural areas exceeds 1 percent of gross domestic product in 58 developing countries, versus only four OECD countries. The Global Environment Facility can offset these costs through grant finance, but annual Global Environment Facility finance and co-finance averages only 8 percent of the opportunity costs faced by low-income countries.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17704454/biodiversity-national-accounting
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/15582
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6441
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/414522
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6441
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LAND
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LANDS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE USE
dc.subjectANIMALS
dc.subjectASSETS
dc.subjectBALANCE SHEET
dc.subjectBEQUEST VALUES
dc.subjectBIODIVERSITY
dc.subjectBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
dc.subjectBIODIVERSITY FINANCE
dc.subjectBIODIVERSITY PROTECTION
dc.subjectBIODIVERSITY VALUES
dc.subjectBIOPROSPECTING
dc.subjectCAPITAL THEORY
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON SEQUESTRATION
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL SPECIES
dc.subjectCOMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectCONSERVATION EFFORTS
dc.subjectCONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE
dc.subjectCONSUMER SURPLUS
dc.subjectCOUNTRY COMPARISONS
dc.subjectCROP PRODUCTION
dc.subjectDAMAGES
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVE
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectECOLOGY
dc.subjectECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subjectECONOMIC VALUE
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM SERVICES
dc.subjectECOSYSTEMS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectEVOLUTION
dc.subjectEXISTENCE VALUE
dc.subjectEXISTENCE VALUES
dc.subjectEXPECTED UTILITY
dc.subjectEXPECTED VALUE
dc.subjectEXPECTED VALUES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectEXTERNALITY
dc.subjectEXTINCTION
dc.subjectFARMS
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFISH
dc.subjectFISHING
dc.subjectFOOD CROPS
dc.subjectFORESTS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGENETIC INFORMATION
dc.subjectGENETIC MAKEUP
dc.subjectGENETIC MATERIAL
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHUNTING
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE GOODS
dc.subjectLAND AREA
dc.subjectLAND VALUE
dc.subjectMARGINAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectMARGINAL VALUE
dc.subjectMEASURING EXISTENCE
dc.subjectMIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectNATIONAL ACCOUNTING
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNATURAL AREAS
dc.subjectNATURAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectNATURAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNATURAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectNATURAL WEALTH
dc.subjectNATURE
dc.subjectNATURE TOURISM
dc.subjectNON-USE VALUES
dc.subjectOPEN ACCESS
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectOPTION VALUE
dc.subjectPARK ENTRY FEES
dc.subjectPATENTS
dc.subjectPATHOGENS
dc.subjectPRESENT VALUE
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTIONS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROTECTED AREAS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOOD
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOODS
dc.subjectRESOURCE DEPLETION
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS RATES
dc.subjectSCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
dc.subjectSPECIES
dc.subjectSPECIES ABUNDANCE
dc.subjectSTATED PREFERENCE METHODS
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTHRESHOLDS
dc.subjectTOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE
dc.subjectUSE VALUE
dc.subjectUTILITY FUNCTION
dc.subjectVALUATION
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWEALTH CREATION
dc.subjectWILDLIFE
dc.subjectWILLINGNESS TO PAY
dc.titleBiodiversity and National Accounting

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