Does Female Reservation Affect Long-Term Political Outcomes? Evidence from Rural India

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dc.creatorJin, Songqing
dc.creatorDeininger, Klaus
dc.creatorNagarajan, Hari K.
dc.creatorFang, Xia
dc.date2012-03-19T18:03:05Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:03:05Z
dc.date2011-06-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:05:49Z
dc.descriptionAlthough many studies have explored the impacts of political quotas for females, often with ambiguous results, the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects have received little attention. This paper uses nation-wide data from India spanning a 15-year period to explore how reservations affect leader qualifications, service delivery, political participation, local accountability, and individuals willingness to contribute to public goods. Although leader quality declines and impacts on service quality are often negative, gender quotas are shown to increase the level and quality of women's political participation, the ability to hold leaders to account, and the willingness to contribute to public goods. Key effects persist beyond the reserved period and impacts on females often materialize only with a lag.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110628093513
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3473
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5708
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415171
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5708
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectACTIVE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectADOLESCENT FERTILITY
dc.subjectAFFIRMATIVE ACTION
dc.subjectANTENATAL CARE
dc.subjectANTENATAL COVERAGE
dc.subjectBREASTFEEDING
dc.subjectBY ELECTION
dc.subjectCANDIDATES
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD SURVIVAL
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCONSTITUENCIES
dc.subjectCONSTITUENCY
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE USE
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCRIMES
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDEMOCRACIES
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEMOCRATIC ACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PLANS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDIRECT DEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDISADVANTAGED GROUPS
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISEASES
dc.subjectDOCTORS
dc.subjectDOMINANCE
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectELECTION
dc.subjectELECTIONS
dc.subjectEMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectEQUALITY
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY MEMBERS
dc.subjectFASHION
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFRANCHISE
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER BIAS
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGIRL CHILDREN
dc.subjectHEALTH WORKERS
dc.subjectHIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD LEVEL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN POTENTIAL
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectINEQUALITIES
dc.subjectINHERITANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectLAND OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLEGISLATORS
dc.subjectLOCAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMATERNAL HEALTH
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectMODERNIZATION
dc.subjectNATIONAL COUNCIL
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectNATIONAL PARLIAMENTS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectOCCUPATION
dc.subjectPARLIAMENT
dc.subjectPARLIAMENTARIANS
dc.subjectPERI-NATAL CARE
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKING
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL DECISION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL LEADERSHIP
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL POWER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PROCESS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PROCESSES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectPRE-NATAL CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOOD
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectREPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
dc.subjectREPRESENTATIVES
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRETAIL MARKET
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVISION
dc.subjectSERVICE QUALITY
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSOCIAL EXCLUSION
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSTATE UNIVERSITY
dc.subjectSUFFRAGE
dc.subjectVILLAGE LEVEL
dc.subjectVILLAGES
dc.subjectVIOLENCE
dc.subjectVOTER TURNOUT
dc.subjectVOTING PATTERNS
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWOMEN IN GOVERNMENT
dc.titleDoes Female Reservation Affect Long-Term Political Outcomes? Evidence from Rural India

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