Shaping the Future : A Long-Term Perspective of People and Job Mobility in the Middle East and North Africa

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2014-06-05T23:11:35Z
dc.date2014-06-05T23:11:35Z
dc.date2009-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:10:39Z
dc.descriptionThe objective of this study is to provide a long-term perspective for the ongoing policy dialogue on the management of labor migration in Europe and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. It is organized as follows. Chapter one puts the report and migration in the context of the economic and social development in MENA countries. Chapter two provides the historical context of MENA migration patterns and an overview of the presence and skill characteristics of migrants in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries today. This chapter also discusses the potential for insourcing, that is, migration of jobs into the region as an alternative or complement to labor migration. Chapter three analyzes the demand and supply framework for migration, the determinants of migration patterns, and the potential demand for labor in the European Union (EU), and the characteristics and trends of MENA labor supply. Chapter four looks to the worldwide impact of demographic and labor force developments in the decades ahead and their implications on labor and job mobility. The chapter analyzes the likely population and labor force growth in Europe and MENA, the challenges this growth poses, and the scope for demographic arbitrage between the two regions. This chapter provides the basis for the fifth and concluding chapter. Chapter five covers the institutional setup and the various economic and social protection policies and practices worldwide that have a strong and positive bearing on migration flows and presents a conceptual framework on both the labor and job sending and receiving sides that can be used by policy makers to articulate, defend, and implement a collaborative approach to the challenges ahead.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/01/11053888/shaping-future-long-term-perspective-people-job-mobility-middle-east-north-africa
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/18546
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/18546
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415846
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABUSE
dc.subjectADULT POPULATION
dc.subjectAGE GROUP
dc.subjectAGGREGATE INCOME
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL POLICIES
dc.subjectASYLUM
dc.subjectASYLUM POLICIES
dc.subjectATTRITION
dc.subjectAVERAGE EDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectBRAIN DRAIN
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOUNTRIES OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectCOUNTRY OF ORIGIN
dc.subjectDECLINES IN FERTILITY
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subjectDISPLACEMENT
dc.subjectDISSEMINATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectEDUCATED MIGRANTS
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectELDERLY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT CREATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT SITUATION
dc.subjectFAMILY FORMATION
dc.subjectFAMILY REUNIFICATION
dc.subjectFEMALE MIGRANTS
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATES
dc.subjectFEWER PEOPLE
dc.subjectFLOW OF MIGRANTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN LABOR
dc.subjectFOREIGN WORKERS
dc.subjectFUTURE GROWTH
dc.subjectGLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL WORKFORCE
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHIGH ILLITERACY RATES
dc.subjectHOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectHOST COUNTRIES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subjectIMMIGRANT
dc.subjectIMMIGRANTS
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION COUNTRIES
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION POLICIES
dc.subjectIMPACT OF MIGRATION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL POLICY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL REFUGEES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONALIZATION
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectIRREGULAR MIGRANTS
dc.subjectIRREGULAR MIGRATION
dc.subjectJOB COUNSELING
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectJOB OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectJOB VACANCIES
dc.subjectJOB VACANCY
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR EXPLOITATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE GROWTH
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET NEEDS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET REFORMS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR MIGRATION
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectLABOR SHORTAGES
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLEGAL STATUS
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCIES
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLONG-TERM RESIDENTS
dc.subjectLONGER LIFE
dc.subjectLOW FERTILITY
dc.subjectLOW LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLOWER FERTILITY
dc.subjectMANPOWER
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectMIGRANT
dc.subjectMIGRANT LABOR
dc.subjectMIGRANT POPULATIONS
dc.subjectMIGRANT WORKERS
dc.subjectMIGRANTS
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMIGRATION FLOWS
dc.subjectMIGRATION POLICIES
dc.subjectMIGRATION POLICY
dc.subjectMIGRATION STATISTICS
dc.subjectMIGRATORY MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectMOBILITY OF LABOR
dc.subjectMOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectNATIONAL BOUNDARIES
dc.subjectNATIONALS
dc.subjectNATIVE WORKERS
dc.subjectNATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subjectNET EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectNURSES
dc.subjectOCCUPATION
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONS
dc.subjectOLD-AGE
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY DIALOGUE
dc.subjectPOLICY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL INSTABILITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION INCREASE
dc.subjectPOPULATION MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectPOTENTIAL MIGRANTS
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIME EXAMPLE
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR JOB
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROTECTED INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectQUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectREASONABLE ASSUMPTIONS
dc.subjectRECIPIENT COUNTRIES
dc.subjectREFUGEE
dc.subjectREFUGEES
dc.subjectREMITTANCE
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectREPLACEMENT WORKERS
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRETIREMENT
dc.subjectRETURN MIGRATION
dc.subjectRISING UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectRISING UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY LEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectSERVICE SECTOR
dc.subjectSIGNIFICANT POLICY
dc.subjectSKILL LEVEL
dc.subjectSKILL SHORTAGES
dc.subjectSKILL STRUCTURE
dc.subjectSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectSKILLED MANPOWER
dc.subjectSKILLED MIGRANTS
dc.subjectSKILLED PERSONNEL
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKER
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKFORCE
dc.subjectSKILLS DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL CONFLICT
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL TENSIONS
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSTATE PLANNING
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectTEMPORARY MIGRATION
dc.subjectTERRORIST
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTOTAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTOTAL LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectTRAINING CENTERS
dc.subjectTRAINING PROGRAMS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectUNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS
dc.subjectUNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectVOCATIONAL TRAINING
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWARS
dc.subjectWORKFORCE
dc.subjectWORKING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWORKING-AGE POPULATION
dc.subjectWORLD POPULATION
dc.subjectXENOPHOBIA
dc.subjectYOUNG WORKERS
dc.subjectYOUTH ILLITERACY
dc.subjectYOUTH ILLITERACY RATE
dc.titleShaping the Future : A Long-Term Perspective of People and Job Mobility in the Middle East and North Africa
dc.titlePreparer l'avenir : une perspective a long terme de la mobilite des personnes et des emplois pour le moyen-orient et l'Afrique du Nord

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