Trade Expansion through Market Connection : The Central Asian Markets of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan
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World Bank
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The five countries of Central Asia
expanded their trade significantly since beginning their
transition with exports quadrupling to almost USD70 billion
between 2003 and 2008 but without substantial
diversification. These countries achieved this by promoting
private investment, property rights, trade liberalization,
and transport infrastructure in varying degrees. This study
focuses on three countries of Central Asia-Kazakhstan, the
Kyrgyz Republic, and Tajikistan-and applies the framework
used by the World Development Report (WDR 2009). These
countries agreed to participate in the study, but the
results of this work are also relevant for others in the
Central Asia region. The global crisis reduced trade and
exports of the three countries in 2009 as it did for the
world. The study recommends that Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz
Republic, and Tajikistan anchor their export diversification
and growth strategy on three spatial scales.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO MARKETS, ACCESSIBILITY, AFFORDABLE TRANSPORT, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, AIR, AIR CARGO, AIR FREIGHT, AIR TRANSPORT, AIRPORT, ARTERIES, BAGGAGE, BIDDING, BORDER CROSSING, BORDER CROSSINGS, BORDER TRUCK TRADE, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, CAPITAL MOBILITY, CAR, CARRIERS, CARS, CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES, COMMERCE, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMUNITY TRANSPORT, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITION FOR MARKET, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVENESS, CONGESTION, CONGESTION COSTS, CONSOLIDATION, CONSUMERS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DISECONOMIES OF SCALE, DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT, DOMESTIC MARKET, DOMESTIC MARKETS, DOMESTIC PRODUCTS, DOMESTIC TRANSPORT, DRIVERS, DRIVING, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS, ECONOMIC CONCENTRATION, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC REGULATIONS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ELECTRICITY SERVICES, EMPLOYMENT, ENVIRONMENTS, EXPENDITURES, EXPORT GROWTH, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL MARKETS, EXTERNALITIES, FARES, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FIXED ASSET, FLAT RATE, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FREIGHT, FUEL, FUELS, GAS PRICES, GDP, GOOD TRANSPORT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HIGH TRANSPORT, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAY INVESTMENTS, HUMAN CAPITAL, INCREASING RETURNS, INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE, INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFRASTRUCTURES, INSPECTION, INSURANCE, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS, INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT, JOURNEY, LAND TRANSPORT, LAND USE, LAWS, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS