Evaluation of the Epidemiological Impact of Harm Reduction Programs on HIV in Vietnam
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Vietnam s HIV epidemic is concentrated,
both in specific behavioral sub-populations and geographic
regions. The key populations at higher risk for HIV
infection in Vietnam are female sex workers (FSW) and their
clients; injecting drug users (IDU); and men who have sex
with men (MSM). Vietnam identified harm reduction
interventions for IDU and FSW as a key component of its last
5-year National HIV strategy 2004-2009. Harm reduction
interventions aim to reduce the dominant behavioral risk
factors that facilitate transmission of HIV in Vietnam,
namely, sharing injecting equipment and engaging in
unprotected sex. The main service components of harm
reduction for these groups include the distribution of free
sterile needle-syringes and condoms and providing behavior
change communication through peer educator-based outreach.
As the next phase of programming is planned and resources
allocated, it is important to assess the achievements of
previous programs aimed at minimizing risk of infection in
terms of coverage and epidemiological impact. This impact
assessment study has the following objectives: To examine
coverage of harm reduction interventions in Vietnam among
IDU and FSW (programs targeted for MSM were not examined)
from 2004-2009; to understand the HIV transmission dynamics
in Vietnam and to estimate the extent to which harm
reduction interventions among core groups have contributed
towards epidemiological trends and reduced HIV transmission
in Vietnam during the 2004-2009 strategy.
Palabras clave
AGED, AIDS CASES, AIDS COMMITTEE, AIDS SPENDING, AIDS TREATMENT, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BEHAVIORAL RISK, BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS, BEHAVIORAL SURVEILLANCE, BEST PRACTICES, BIOLOGICAL RISK, CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMERCIAL SEX, COMMODITIES, COMMODITY, COMPUTER LANGUAGE, CONDOM, CONDOM DISTRIBUTION, CONDOM SALES, CONDOM USE, CONDOMS, DIAGNOSES, DISEASE, DISTRIBUTION OF CONDOMS, DRUG USE, DRUGS, EFFECTIVE PREVENTION, EPIDEMIC, EPIDEMICS, EPIDEMIOLOGY, EQUIPMENT, FEMALE SEX WORKERS, FEMALES, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FREE CONDOMS, GENERAL POPULATION, GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, GLOBAL HIV/AIDS, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, HARM REDUCTION, HARM REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS, HEALTH INTERVENTIONS, HIGH-RISK, HIGH-RISK BEHAVIORS, HIV, HIV INFECTION, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV PREVENTION, HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, HIV TESTING, HIV TRANSMISSION, HIV/AIDS, HYGIENE, ID, IMPACT ASSESSMENT, IMPLEMENTATION PLANS, IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS, INJECTING DRUG USERS, INPUT DATA, INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS, LACK OF INFORMATION, LARGE CITIES, LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE, LARGE POPULATION, LARGE POPULATIONS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOW PREVALENCE, MALARIA, MALE CLIENTS, MASS MEDIA, MORTALITY, NATIONAL AIDS, NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NEEDLES, NETWORKS, NUMBER OF NEW INFECTIONS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, OUTREACH ACTIVITIES, PATIENTS, PEER EDUCATOR, PEER EDUCATORS, PEER GROUP, PEER OUTREACH, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POPULATION DATA, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION SIZE, POPULATION SUBGROUPS, PREVALENCE OF INFECTION, PREVENTION ACTIVITIES, PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, PROGRESS, PROTOCOL, PUBLIC HEALTH, RAW DATA, RELIABILITY, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RESULT, RESULTS, RISK BEHAVIOR, RISK FACTORS, RISK OF INFECTION, RISK POPULATIONS, RISKY BEHAVIOR, SEARCH, SENSITIVITY ANALYSES, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SEX, SEX WITH MEN, SEX WORK, SEX WORKER, SEX WORKERS, SEXUAL PARTNERSHIPS, SEXUAL TRANSMISSION, SITES, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL MARKETING, SUBSTITUTION THERAPY, SUPERVISION, SURVEILLANCE DATA, SURVIVAL RATES, SYNDROMIC MANAGEMENT, SYRINGES, TARGETS, TB, TECHNICAL EXPERTS, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, THERAPY, TIME PERIOD, TRANSMISSION, TRANSMISSIONS, UNAIDS, UNINFECTED PEOPLE, UNINFECTED PERSON, UNPROTECTED SEX, VERIFICATION, VIRAL LOAD, VIRUS, VOLUNTARY COUNSELING, VULNERABILITY