Developing Skills for Economic Transformation and Social Harmony : Yunnan Province
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Washington, DC
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China has achieved impressive growth
over the last three decades and has now become the
second-largest economy in the world. To sustain its growth,
China is transitioning from an investment-led, high-carbon
growth model to a consumption-led, green growth model, less
reliant on low-cost manufacturing and more on technology and
innovation. Skills development has been a key factor
enabling China's unprecedented growth, and will
continue to play a vital role in sustaining its ongoing
economic transformation and pursuit of a harmonious society.
The study is aimed at facilitating policy development
leading to a demand-driven, high-quality, and equitable
education and training system conducive to lifelong
learning. The experience of Yunnan also sheds light on
skills development in China, as the analysis in this report
situates Yunnan in the broader national context. The
intended audience includes policymakers in the Ministries of
education, human resources and social security, agriculture,
and finance, and the poverty alleviation office and national
development and reform commission. The report would also be
of interest to researchers and development workers
interested in understanding skills development in China.
This report consists of three parts. The first part, skills
challenges: demand, gaps, and mismatch, examines the sources
of the mismatch of supply and demand for skilled labor in
Yunnan. The second part, education and training, sets out
the challenges facing Yunnan as it seeks to strengthen the
Technical and Vocational Training and Education (TVET)
system, improve access to education and the quality of
educational outputs, encourage more robust work-based and
rural training, and invest additional resources in general
education. Finally, in conclusions and policy implications,
the report lays out specific policy proposals that cross
both sector lines and address sector-specific issues.
Palabras clave
ACADEMIC RANKING, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCREDITATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK, AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, AVERAGE LEVEL OF EDUCATION, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC EDUCATION SYSTEM, BASIC NUMERACY, CALL, CERTIFICATION SYSTEM, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, COGNITIVE SKILLS, COMPULSORY EDUCATION, COST OF EDUCATION, COST OF TRAINING, CREATIVE THINKING, CURRICULUM, CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, CURRICULUM REFORM, CURRICULUM REFORMS, DECISION MAKING, DEGREES, DEMAND FOR EDUCATION, DIPLOMAS, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, EDUCATED WORKERS, EDUCATION EXPANSION, EDUCATION EXPENDITURES, EDUCATION FINANCE, EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL EXPANSION, EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE, EDUCATIONAL OUTPUTS, EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES, EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, EMPLOYMENT, ENROLLMENT RATES, EQUITABLE EDUCATION, ETHNIC DIVERSITY, ETHNIC GROUPS, ETHNIC MINORITY, ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS, EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, FOREIGN LANGUAGES, FORMAL CERTIFICATION, FORMAL EDUCATION, FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEM, FORMAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, FORMAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, FORMAL LEARNING, FORMAL TRAINING, FORMAL TRAINING PROGRAMS, GENERAL EDUCATION, GENERIC SKILLS, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO, HIGH SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES, HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL, HIGH SCHOOLS, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION PROJECT, HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION, HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY, HUMAN RESOURCES, INSTRUCTORS, INTERNSHIPS, INTERVENTIONS, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, JOB MARKET, KNOWLEDGE BASE, LABOR FORCE, LEADERSHIP, LEARNERS, LEARNING, LEARNING ACTIVITIES, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIFELONG LEARNING, LITERACY, LITERATURE, LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, LOW LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LOW-INCOME STUDENTS, LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL, MATHEMATICS, MIDDLE SCHOOL, MIDDLE SCHOOL EDUCATION, MIGRANT WORKERS, MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOBILITY, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, NON-FORMAL EDUCATION, NON-FORMAL TRAINING, NORMAL UNIVERSITY, NUMBER OF STUDENTS, NUMERACY, NUTRITION, OCCUPATIONS, PARITY, PARTICIPATION RATES, PERSONALITY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY LEVEL, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS, PROBLEM SOLVING, PROFICIENCY, PROVISION OF EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, PUPIL EXPENDITURE, QUALITY ASSURANCE, RATES OF RETURN, RATES OF RETURN TO EDUCATION, READING, RESEARCH INSTITUTE, RESEARCHERS, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, SCHOLARS, SCHOOL EDUCATION, SCHOOL GRADUATES, SCHOOL LEADERS, SCHOOL LEVEL, SCHOOL PROJECT, SCHOOL SYSTEMS, SCHOOLING, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SKILL LEVELS, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED LABOR FORCE, SKILLED PROFESSIONALS, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SKILLS TRAINING, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL GROUPS, SOCIAL SCIENCES, STUDENT ASSESSMENT, STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO, STUDENT-TEACHER RATIOS, TEACHER, TEACHER QUALIFICATIONS, TEACHER RATIOS, TEACHER TRAINING, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY LEVEL, TERTIARY LEVELS, TERTIARY SECTOR, TERTIARY SECTORS, TRAINING COURSES, TRAINING FUNDS, TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, TRAINING MATERIALS, TRAINING PROGRAMS, UNIVERSITIES, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS, VOCATIONAL SKILLS, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VOUCHERS, WRITING SKILLS, YOUTH