Aggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World

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dc.creatorBaird, Sarah
dc.creatorFriedman, Jed
dc.creatorSchady, Norbert
dc.date2012-06-11T14:19:29Z
dc.date2012-06-11T14:19:29Z
dc.date2007-09
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:18:25Z
dc.descriptionThe diffusion of cost-effective life saving technologies has reduced infant mortality in much of the developing world. Income gains may also play a direct, protective role in ensuring child survival, although the empirical findings to date on this issue have been mixed. This paper assembles data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 59 countries to analyze the relationship between changes in per capita GDP and infant mortality. The authors show that there is a strong, negative association between changes in per capita GDP and infant mortality- in a first-differenced specification the implied elasticity of infant mortality with respect to per capita GDP is approximately -0.56. In addition to this central result, two findings are noteworthy. First, although there is some evidence of changes in the composition of women giving birth during economic upturns and downturns, the observed changes in infant mortality are not a result of mothers with protective characteristics timing fertility to correspond with the business cycle. Second, the association between infant mortality and per capita GDP is particularly pronounced for periods of large contractions in GDP, suggesting the inability of developing country households or health systems (or both) to smooth resources. Simple back-of-the-envelope calculations using the estimates suggest that there may have been more than 1 million "excess" deaths in the developing world since 1980 as a result of large, negative contractions in per capita GDP.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/09/9323631/infant-mortality-over-business-cycle-developing-world
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/7627
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4346
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416900
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4346
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABILITY TO PAY
dc.subjectADULT HEALTH
dc.subjectADULT MORTALITY
dc.subjectAIDS EPIDEMIC
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectARMED CONFLICT
dc.subjectARMED CONFLICTS
dc.subjectBABIES
dc.subjectCARE FOR CHILDREN
dc.subjectCENSUSES
dc.subjectCHILD BIRTH
dc.subjectCHILD DEATHS
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCIVIL CONFLICT
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCOMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISEASE CONTROL
dc.subjectECONOMIC CHANGE
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFEMALE CHILDREN
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFEMALE MORTALITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFIRST BIRTHS
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHEALTH ECONOMICS
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH STATUS
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHIV INFECTION
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHYGIENE
dc.subjectIMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT DEATH
dc.subjectINFANT DEATHS
dc.subjectINFANT HEALTH
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectINFANTS
dc.subjectINFECTION RATES
dc.subjectINTEGRATION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTHS
dc.subjectLOW BIRTHWEIGHT
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMALE MORTALITY
dc.subjectMANDATES
dc.subjectMATERNAL HEALTH
dc.subjectMEDICAL ATTENTION
dc.subjectMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectMILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
dc.subjectMORBIDITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY DECLINE
dc.subjectMORTALITY RISK
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectMULTIPLE BIRTH
dc.subjectMULTIPLE BIRTHS
dc.subjectNATALITY DATA
dc.subjectNEONATAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectNUMBER OF BIRTHS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF DEATHS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOLDER WOMEN
dc.subjectPEACE
dc.subjectPLACE OF RESIDENCE
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOPULATION ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectPREGNANCY
dc.subjectPRENATAL CARE
dc.subjectPREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOLING
dc.subjectPROBABILITY
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectRADIATION
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX RATIO
dc.subjectSMOKING
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCE
dc.subjectSTATE UNIVERSITY
dc.subjectSUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
dc.subjectTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectUSE OF HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectVITAL STATISTICS
dc.subjectVULNERABILITY
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectYOUNG CHILDREN
dc.subjectYOUNG MOTHER
dc.subjectYOUNG MOTHERS
dc.titleAggregate Income Shocks and Infant Mortality in the Developing World

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