Warlords, State Failures, and the Rise of Communism in China

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dc.creatorHuang, Zhangkai
dc.creatorMiao, Meng
dc.creatorShao, Yi
dc.creatorXu, Lixin Colin
dc.date2021-08-26T15:00:53Z
dc.date2021-08-26T15:00:53Z
dc.date2021-08
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:36:38Z
dc.descriptionThis paper documents that the spread of communism in China was partly caused by state failures in the early 20th century. It finds that famines became more frequent after China fell into warlord fragmentation, especially for prefectures with less rugged borders and those facing stronger military threat. The relation between topography and famines holds when using historical border changes to instrument border ruggedness. More people from famine-inflicted prefectures died in the subsequent decades for the communist movement, but not for the Nationalist Army. There is evidence that famines exacerbated rural inequality, which pushed more peasants to the side of the communists.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/245461629729426131/Warlords-State-Failures-and-the-Rise-of-Communism-in-China
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/36197
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9754
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/407277
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 9754
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectFAMINE
dc.subjectWARLORD
dc.subjectGEOGRAPHY
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectCOMMUNISM
dc.subjectSTATE FAILURE
dc.titleWarlords, State Failures, and the Rise of Communism in China
dc.typeWorking Paper
dc.typeDocument de travail
dc.typeDocumento de trabajo

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