Competitive Cities : Reshaping the Economic Geography of Romania

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2014-04-01T19:25:09Z
dc.date2014-04-01T19:25:09Z
dc.date2013-12-26
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:44:00Z
dc.descriptionThis document examines the geographic distribution of employed individuals across Romania, the implications, and recommendations. Under optimal conditions, cities concentrate economic resources and human talent in a virtuous cycle of increasing urbanization that generates a diverse range of opportunities, enabling people to find better-paying jobs, companies to recruit employees with the right set of skills, and capital and ideas to flow across space more efficiently. The benefits of agglomeration kick in rapidly, increasing the attraction of cities as living and working spaces. However, in the short term, uneven development across regions is both a normal and an inevitable phenomenon. Regrettably, many policymakers tend to resist growing internal divergence, trying to artificially spread the benefits of growth evenly across space. In practice, however, such policies rarely have the intended effects, often wasting resources and slowing down the economy. The basic solution for lagging areas is instead to connect people living there to opportunities in growing cities and offer them access to basic infrastructure for encouraging short-term working mobility and discouraging depopulation/ peremptory migration in favor of intra- and inter-county commuting. In the long run, convergence in living standards will occur as benefits from leading areas spill over to surrounding communities and people who had left lagging areas bring back capital, jobs, and ideas.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/12/19060303/romania-competitive-cities-reshaping-economic-geography-romania-vol-1-2-full-report
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/17559
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/17559
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/410085
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.relationRomania regional development program;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESSIBILITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIRPORT
dc.subjectAIRPORTS
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectBACKBONE
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectBIKE PATHS
dc.subjectBRIDGE
dc.subjectBUS
dc.subjectBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectCAPITAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectCAR
dc.subjectCARPENTERS
dc.subjectCARS
dc.subjectCENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES
dc.subjectCITY POPULATION
dc.subjectCLERKS
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONNECTIVITY
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCYCLE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT AGENCIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDOG WALKERS
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectDRIVING
dc.subjectDRIVING TIME
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC BENEFITS
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectECONOMIC EXPANSION
dc.subjectECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESEARCH
dc.subjectECONOMIC SECTORS
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORY
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectELECTRIC CARS
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFARES
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATE
dc.subjectFEWER PEOPLE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectFLOWS OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectFORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectFREIGHT TRAFFIC
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKET
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH THEORY
dc.subjectHEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHIGH-SPEED RAIL
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectILLITERACY
dc.subjectILLITERACY RATE
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINNOVATION
dc.subjectINNOVATIONS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN ROADS
dc.subjectKNOWLEDGE INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLABOR STATISTICS
dc.subjectLARGE CITIES
dc.subjectLEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectLOCAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLOCAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectLOCALIZATION
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMEANS OF TRANSPORT
dc.subjectMEDICAL DEVICES
dc.subjectMIGRANT
dc.subjectMIGRANTS
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMINORITY
dc.subjectMOBILITY
dc.subjectMODAL SPLIT
dc.subjectMOTORWAY NETWORK
dc.subjectMOTORWAYS
dc.subjectMULTIPLIER EFFECT
dc.subjectNATIONAL BORDERS
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectNATIONAL EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectNATIONAL POPULATION
dc.subjectNETWORK OF BIKE PATHS
dc.subjectNEW TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectNUMBER OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectNURSES
dc.subjectO&M
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONS
dc.subjectPARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
dc.subjectPASSENGER RAIL
dc.subjectPASSENGER TRANSPORT
dc.subjectPASSENGER-KILOMETER
dc.subjectPASSENGERS
dc.subjectPATENTS
dc.subjectPEDESTRIAN
dc.subjectPEDESTRIAN AREAS
dc.subjectPEDESTRIAN PATHS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPHYSICAL GOODS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOPULATION DECLINE
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITIES
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION INCREASES
dc.subjectPOTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PROCESS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PROCESSES
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY INCREASES
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORKS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC UTILITY
dc.subjectQUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subjectR&D
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL ACCESS
dc.subjectRAIL CONNECTIONS
dc.subjectRAIL FREIGHT
dc.subjectRAIL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectRAIL NETWORK
dc.subjectRAIL TRAFFIC
dc.subjectRAILWAY
dc.subjectREMITTANCE
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRESULT
dc.subjectRESULTS
dc.subjectRICHER COUNTRIES
dc.subjectRING ROAD
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectROAD NETWORK
dc.subjectROADS
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectSHORT SUPPLY
dc.subjectSILICON
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSOFTWARE PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSPILLOVER
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectSUBURBS
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE GROWTH
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
dc.subjectTRAMWAY
dc.subjectTRANSIT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MODES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT NETWORK
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIME
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIMES
dc.subjectTRUE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN CENTER
dc.subjectURBAN CENTERS
dc.subjectURBAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectURBANISM
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectUSES
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectVICIOUS CYCLE
dc.subjectWAGE DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORKFORCE
dc.titleCompetitive Cities : Reshaping the Economic Geography of Romania
dc.titleOrase competitive : remodelarea geografiei economice a Romaniei

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