The Earnings Effects of Multilateral Trade Liberalization : Implications for Poverty

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.creatorHertel, Thomas W.
dc.creatorIvanic, Maros
dc.creatorPreckel, Paul V.
dc.creatorCranfield, John A.L.
dc.date2014-02-25T22:58:01Z
dc.date2014-02-25T22:58:01Z
dc.date2004-05
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:20:01Z
dc.descriptionMost researchers examining poverty and multilateral trade liberalization have had to examine average, or per capita effects, suggesting that if per capita real income rises, poverty will fall. This inference can be misleading. Combining results from a new international cross-section consumption analysis with earnings data from household surveys, this article analyzes the implications of multilateral trade liberalization for poverty in Indonesia. It finds that the aggregate reduction in Indonesia's national poverty headcount following global trade liberalization masks a more complex set of impacts across groups. In the short run the poverty headcount rises slightly for self-employed agricultural households, as agricultural profits fail to keep up with increases in consumer prices. In the long run the poverty headcount falls for all earnings strata, as increased demand for unskilled workers lifts incomes for the formerly self-employed, some of whom move into the wage labor market. A decomposition of the poverty changes in Indonesia associated with different countries' trade policies finds that reform in other countries leads to a reduction in poverty in Indonesia but that liberalization of Indonesia's trade policies leads to an increase. The method used here can be readily extended to any of the other 13 countries in the sample.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/05/17742609/earnings-effects-multilateral-trade-liberalization-implications-poverty
dc.identifierWorld Bank Economic Review
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/17157
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/17157
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/417138
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relationWorld Bank Economic Review
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAPPAREL
dc.subjectAPPAREL EXPORTS
dc.subjectAPPAREL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFF
dc.subjectAVERAGE TARIFFS
dc.subjectBARGAINING
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBIDS
dc.subjectBORROWING
dc.subjectBUDGET CONSTRAINT
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOODS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INTENSITY
dc.subjectCAPITAL RETURN
dc.subjectCAPITAL SHARE
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES PRODUCER
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICE
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICES
dc.subjectCONSTANT SHARE
dc.subjectCONSUMER DEMAND
dc.subjectCONSUMER DEMANDS
dc.subjectCONSUMER EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCONSUMER GOOD
dc.subjectCONSUMER PREFERENCES
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICES
dc.subjectCONSUMER SPENDING
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING ECONOMIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING ECONOMY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
dc.subjectDURABLE
dc.subjectDURABLE GOODS
dc.subjectDURABLES
dc.subjectECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC CRISIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF TRANSFORMATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEXOGENOUS SHOCKS
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPORT TAXES
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFACTOR ENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectFACTOR MARKETS
dc.subjectFACTOR PRICE
dc.subjectFACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFAMILY LABOR
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELING
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ¨ ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL TRADE
dc.subjectGLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SPENDING
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD BUSINESS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EARNINGS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOMES
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectIMPACT OF TRADE
dc.subjectIMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectINCOME EFFECT
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME LEVEL
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTING
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLAND HOLDINGS
dc.subjectLANDLESS LABORERS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC SHOCKS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMICS
dc.subjectMARKET ACCESS
dc.subjectMARKET PRICE
dc.subjectMARKET WAGES
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectMULTILATERAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectPERFECT COMPETITION
dc.subjectPOWER PARITY
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE DECLINES
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRIMARY FACTORS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION FUNCTION
dc.subjectPROTECTION ESTIMATES
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectQUOTA RENTS
dc.subjectREAL INCOME
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSPECIALIZATION
dc.subjectTARIFF DATA
dc.subjectTARIFF RATES
dc.subjectTARIFF REVENUE
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE MODELS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE REFORM
dc.subjectTRADING
dc.subjectTRADING SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSFER PAYMENTS
dc.subjectUNILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectUNSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectUTILITY FUNCTION
dc.subjectWAGE RATES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWELFARE IMPACTS
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleThe Earnings Effects of Multilateral Trade Liberalization : Implications for Poverty
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.typeArticle de journal
dc.typeArtículo de revista

Archivos

Colecciones

AgroKnow