Reshaping Economic Geography of East Africa : From Regional to Global Integration (Vol. 1 of 2)
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Washington, DC
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Five East African countries Burundi,
Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda have made solid progress
on integrating regionally in the East African Community
(EAC) since 1999. Such advances are crucial, as integration
in East Africa has the potential for higher than usual
benefits: Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda are landlocked, with
very high costs to their economies. Successful integration
will transform the five countries into one coastal, regional
economy, slashing such costs. Looking at the East African
integration through the lens of economic geography helps to
improve sequencing of the integration process and to develop
new policies to complement ongoing efforts, maximizing their
benefits. Reducing disparities in provision of social
services will increase the chances of workers from the
inland parts of the EAC to find jobs, especially as
administrative obstacles to labor mobility are being removed
under the Common Market Protocol. Implementing and deepening
the current program of regional infrastructure improvements
will ensure that consumers and producers throughout the
region are better connected to each other and to global
markets. Integration policies facilitating greater economic
activity in the coastal areas will help the EAC take
advantage of the global demand for manufactured goods and
thus to promote employment. That will also generate
substantial demand for services and agricultural goods
produced inland, amplifying the benefits of the customs union.
Palabras clave
AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AIR, BONDS, BORDER CROSSINGS, BORDER INFRASTRUCTURE, BOTTLENECKS, BUSINESS CLIMATE, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITALIST ECONOMIES, CASH CROPS, CENTRAL BANKS, CENTRAL BODY, COMMODITY, COMMODITY PRICES, COMMON MARKET, COMMON REGULATIONS, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITIVENESS, CONGESTION, CONNECTIVITY, CONSUMERS, CONVERGENCE, COUNTRY MARKETS, CURRENCY, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS CLEARANCE, CUSTOMS PROCEDURES, CUSTOMS UNION, DEBT, DEMAND FOR SERVICES, DEMOCRACIES, DEMOCRACY, DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, DEMOGRAPHERS, DEMOGRAPHIC, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DISCRIMINATION, DIVIDEND, DOMESTIC MARKET, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC COMMUNITY, ECONOMIC CONCENTRATION, ECONOMIC CONVERGENCE, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS, EXCISE TAXES, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORTS, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATES, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SECTORS, FISCAL POLICY, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AREA, FREIGHT, FREIGHT COSTS, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GLOBAL INTEGRATION, GLOBAL MARKETS, GOVERNANCE INDICATORS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT, HIGH TRANSPORT, HIGHWAY, HOST COUNTRIES, HOST COUNTRY, HOST GOVERNMENT, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INCREASING RETURNS, INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE, INCREASING TRADE, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, INLAND WATERWAYS, INSPECTION, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS, INSURANCE, INTERNAL MARKET, INTERNAL TARIFFS, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTRAREGIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, JOB CREATION, JOURNEY, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MOBILITY, LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES, LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES, LENDING PRACTICES, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL MARKETS, LOCOMOTIVE, LOW FERTILITY, LOWER FERTILITY, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET ECONOMY, MARKET FORCES, MIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIES, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MOBILITY, MONETARY INTEGRATION, MONETARY UNION, MORTALITY, MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS, NATIONAL AUTHORITIES, NATIONAL BORDERS, NATIONAL ECONOMY, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, NATIONAL MARKETS, NATIONAL POLICIES, NATIONAL PRACTICES, NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NONTARIFF BARRIERS, OLD AGE, OUTPUT, PER CAPITA INCOME, PER CAPITA INCOMES, POLICE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY HARMONIZATION, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY REFORMS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POLITICAL INTEGRATION, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION POLICIES, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROGRESS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROVISION OF EDUCATION, RADIO, RADIO COMMUNICATION, RAIL, RAIL IMPROVEMENTS, RAIL SYSTEMS, RAIL TRANSPORT, RAILWAY, RAILWAY LINE, RAILWAYS, REAL ESTATE, REGIONAL AGREEMENTS, REGIONAL BODIES, REGIONAL COOPERATION, REGIONAL ECONOMY, REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL INTEGRATION EFFORTS, REGIONAL MARKETS, REGIONAL POLICY, REGIONAL PROJECTS, REGIONAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS, REGULATORS, REGULATORY AGENCIES, REGULATORY COOPERATION, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, ROAD, ROADS, ROUTE, RULE OF LAW, SAFETY, SAVINGS, SECURITY THREAT, SERVICE RELIABILITY, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SERVICES, TAX, TAX REVENUE, TECHNICAL CAPACITY, TECHNICAL MATTERS, TECHNICAL STANDARDS, TRADE INTEGRATION, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, TRANSIT, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT CORRIDORS, TRANSPORT COSTS, TREATY, TRIP, TRUCKS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, URBANIZATION, VEHICLE, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOTERS, WAGES, WORKING POPULATION, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD REGIONS, YOUNG AGE