Brazil : Evaluating the Macroeconomic and Distributional Impacts of Lowering Transportation Costs

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dc.creatorWorld Bank
dc.date2012-06-14T20:05:08Z
dc.date2012-06-14T20:05:08Z
dc.date2008-07
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:16:38Z
dc.descriptionThis report is designed to provide policymakers with estimates of the likely outcomes of an array of potential changes in transportation sector policy. To this end, the report uses a variety of economy-wide models to simulate alternative cost reductions and efficiency improvements. A detailed discussion of the various policies that may yield efficiency gains and cost reductions, as well as the specifics of their implementation, is beyond the scope of the report. The report is structured to move from a general description of Brazil's transportation sector to more specific analyses and simulations of individual and concerted changes. The first chapter sets the stage by providing a summary discussion of Brazil's transportation sector that includes both an overview of its historical development and a look at the recent evolution of government policies. In the second chapter, the fiscal and economic effects of shifts in public investment between alternative and competing transportation modes (roads, railroads, and waterways) are simulated using a fixed-price input-output model. The report's third chapter uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the effects of cost reductions in land transportation on macroeconomic variables and income distribution. The fourth chapter uses a multiregional CGE model to simulate the effects of port efficiency improvements on regional economic development (including short- and long-term growth, employment, and welfare). The fifth chapter uses a similar model to analyze the national and state-level impacts of two federal highway projects in the state of Minas Gerais in terms of economic growth, regional inequalities, employment, and poverty. The last chapter summarizes the findings and provides conclusions and recommendations.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/07/9835461/brazil-evaluating-macroeconomic-distributional-impacts-lowering-transportation-costs
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/8083
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/8083
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416644
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCELERATION
dc.subjectACCIDENT RATES
dc.subjectACCIDENT REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectACCIDENTS
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR PASSENGERS
dc.subjectAIRPORTS
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE MODES
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectBOTTLENECK
dc.subjectBRIDGE
dc.subjectBUS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONCESSIONS
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCOST OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectCOUNTY ROADS
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectDREDGING
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONCENTRATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEMAND
dc.subjectECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC HISTORY
dc.subjectECONOMIC SECTORS
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFRAMEWORK
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREIGHT
dc.subjectFREIGHT COSTS
dc.subjectFREIGHT HANDLING
dc.subjectFREIGHT TRANSPORT
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHEAVY RELIANCE
dc.subjectHIGHWAY
dc.subjectHIGHWAY PROJECT
dc.subjectHIGHWAY PROJECTS
dc.subjectHIGHWAY SYSTEM
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectIMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
dc.subjectINLAND WATERWAYS
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL PORTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectLABOR ALLOCATION
dc.subjectLABOR DISPUTES
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLAND TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectLONG-DISTANCE
dc.subjectLONG-DISTANCE TRAVEL
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC EFFECTS
dc.subjectMETALLURGY
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectMODAL SHARES
dc.subjectMODE OF TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectMODES OF TRANSIT
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMULTIMODAL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectNATIONAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectNAVIGATION
dc.subjectOPERATING COSTS
dc.subjectPARKING
dc.subjectPASSENGER
dc.subjectPASSENGERS
dc.subjectPAVED ROADS
dc.subjectPAVING
dc.subjectPORT AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectPORT AUTHORITY
dc.subjectPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EFFECTS
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRIVATE OPERATORS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPRIVATE VEHICLES
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC UTILITY
dc.subjectRAIL
dc.subjectRAIL CAPACITY
dc.subjectRAIL CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectRAIL LINES
dc.subjectRAIL NETWORK
dc.subjectRAIL SERVICE
dc.subjectRAIL SYSTEM
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSPORT
dc.subjectRAIL TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectRAILROAD
dc.subjectRAILROAD COMPANY
dc.subjectRAILROADS
dc.subjectRAILWAY
dc.subjectRAILWAY COMPANIES
dc.subjectRAILWAY LINES
dc.subjectRAILWAY SECTOR
dc.subjectRAILWAY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectRAILWAYS
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectREGULATORY AGENCIES
dc.subjectREGULATORY AGENCY
dc.subjectREGULATORY CHANGES
dc.subjectREGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectREGULATORY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectRETIREMENT
dc.subjectROAD CONDITIONS
dc.subjectROAD CONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectROAD COSTS
dc.subjectROAD DETERIORATION
dc.subjectROAD DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectROAD IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectROAD IMPROVEMENTS
dc.subjectROAD LINKS
dc.subjectROAD MAINTENANCE
dc.subjectROAD NETWORK
dc.subjectROAD PROJECTS
dc.subjectROAD SECTOR
dc.subjectROAD SYSTEM
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectROLLING STOCK
dc.subjectROUTES
dc.subjectSERVANTS
dc.subjectSPEED
dc.subjectSPEEDS
dc.subjectSTATE TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectSTEEL
dc.subjectSUBWAY
dc.subjectSUNK COSTS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTIMBER
dc.subjectTOLLS
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTRACK GAUGE
dc.subjectTRADE DIVERSION
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAFFIC CONGESTION
dc.subjectTRAFFIC FLOWS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC SPILLOVER
dc.subjectTRAFFIC VOLUME
dc.subjectTRAFFIC VOLUMES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT FACILITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT LAW
dc.subjectTRANSPORT MODES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SPECIALISTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT VOLUME
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION ACTIVITY
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION INVESTMENT
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION NETWORK
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION NETWORKS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION POLICIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION POLICY
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION PROJECTS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION SERVICES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTS
dc.subjectTRAVEL TIME
dc.subjectTRUCKING
dc.subjectTRUCKS
dc.subjectTRUE
dc.subjectUNSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectURBAN TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVARIABLE COSTS
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectVEHICLES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.titleBrazil : Evaluating the Macroeconomic and Distributional Impacts of Lowering Transportation Costs

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