Female Labor Participation in the Arab World : Some Evidence from Panel Data in Morocco

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dc.creatorBarry, Abdoul Gadiry
dc.creatorVerme, Paolo
dc.creatorGuennouni, Jamal
dc.date2014-10-01T18:58:15Z
dc.date2014-10-01T18:58:15Z
dc.date2014-09
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:52:21Z
dc.descriptionFemale labor participation in the Arab world is low compared with the level of economic development of Arab countries. Beyond anecdotal evidence and cross-country studies, there is little evidence on what could explain this phenomenon. This paper uses the richest set of panel data available for any Arab country to date to model female labor participation in Morocco. The paper finds marriage, household inactivity rates, secondary education, and gross domestic product per capita to lower female labor participation rates. It also finds that the category urban educated women with secondary education explains better than others the low level of female labor participation. These surprising findings are robust to different estimators, endogeneity tests, different specifications of the female labor participation equations, and different sources of data. The findings are also consistent with previous studies on the Middle East and North Africa region and on Morocco. The explanation seems to reside in the nature of economic growth and gender norms. Economic growth has not been labor intensive, has generated few jobs, and has not been in female-friendly sectors, resulting in weak demand for women, especially urban educated women with secondary education. And when men and women compete for scarce jobs, men may have priority access because of employers' and households' preferences.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/09/20205985/female-labor-participation-arab-world-some-evidence-panel-data-morocco
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/20328
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7031
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/412253
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank Group, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 7031
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAGE COHORT
dc.subjectCALL
dc.subjectCOMPLETION RATES
dc.subjectCOUNTRY STUDIES
dc.subjectCREATING JOBS
dc.subjectCULTURAL VALUES
dc.subjectDESCRIPTION
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDIVISION OF LABOUR
dc.subjectDRIVERS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC SHOCKS
dc.subjectECONOMIC STATUS
dc.subjectEDUCATED MEN
dc.subjectEDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectEDUCATION VARIABLES
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectELDERLY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GENERATION
dc.subjectENROLLMENT RATES
dc.subjectFAMILY STRUCTURE
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE CHILDREN
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFEMALE ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATE
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATES
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER NORMS
dc.subjectGENERAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectJOBLESS GROWTH
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLABOR DEMAND
dc.subjectLABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLABOUR MARKET
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectMALE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMARRIAGE AGE
dc.subjectMARRIED COUPLES
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMOBILITY
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectOLDER WOMEN
dc.subjectPAPERS
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION RATES
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOOR FAMILIES
dc.subjectPOPULATION STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPREVIOUS STUDIES
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectROLE OF WOMEN
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENTS
dc.subjectSCHOOL AGE
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSCHOOLS
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSOCIAL NORMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectSPOUSE
dc.subjectSPOUSES
dc.subjectSTATUS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTOLERANCE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectUNMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectVOCATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWORK FORCE
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectYOUNG WOMEN
dc.subjectYOUTH
dc.titleFemale Labor Participation in the Arab World : Some Evidence from Panel Data in Morocco

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