Thailand
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Thailand needs to avoid the high-carbon
growth path of many developed countries and, instead, take a
low-carbon growth path. A green low-carbon growth path is in
Thailand's own interest as it can simultaneously tackle
local environmental degradation, global climate change, and
energy security challenges. It can also position Thailand as
a regional leader in green, sustainable growth. Green
low-carbon growth in Thailand could focus on the following
four pillars: 1) maintaining rapid economic growth while
adjusting the country's economic structure toward a
less energy, and carbon-intensive economy; 2) achieving
greater urbanization while shifting toward green livable
low-carbon cities; 3) meeting the huge thirst for energy
while transforming the energy sector toward one of high
energy efficiency and widespread diffusion of low-carbon
technologies; and 4) improving quality of life while
shifting toward a resource-efficient and sustainable lifestyle.
Palabras clave
AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AIR, AIR CONDITIONING, AIR EMISSION, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, ALTERNATIVE FUELS, AMBIENT AIR, AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, APPROACH, AUTOMOBILE, AUTOMOBILE FUEL, AVAILABILITY, AVERAGE CAR OWNERSHIP, BIOMASS, BIOMASS POWER, BUS, BUS SECTOR, BUS SYSTEM, CALCULATION, CAR, CAR USE, CARBON CAP, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, CARBON EMISSION, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON ENERGY, CARBON FOOTPRINT, CARBON INTENSITY, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON TAX, CARBON TECHNOLOGIES, CLEAN ENERGY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CO, CO2, COAL, CONGESTION, CONGESTION CHARGES, CORN PRODUCTION, DIESEL, DIESEL FUEL, DIFFUSION, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT, EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL, ELECTRIC CARS, ELECTRIC VEHICLES, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY USAGE, EMISSION, EMISSION LEVEL, EMISSION REDUCTIONS, EMISSION STANDARDS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS INTENSITY, EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY MANAGEMENT, ENERGY MIX, ENERGY NEEDS, ENERGY POLICIES, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY RESOURCES, ENERGY SAVINGS, ENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS, ENVIRONMENTAL TAX, ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES, ETHANOL, FEEDSTOCK, FEEDSTOCK FOR ETHANOL, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FOREST, FOREST AREAS, FORESTRY, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL USE, FOSSIL FUELS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUEL ECONOMY, FUEL EFFICIENCY, FUEL TAX, FUEL TAXES, FUEL USE, FUEL-EFFICIENT VEHICLES, GASOLINE, GASOLINE PRICES, GENERATION, GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS, GHG, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GLOBAL WARMING, GREEN POWER, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GRID INTEGRATION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEAT, HEAT GENERATION, HIGH ENERGY, HIGH TRANSPORT, HISTORICAL EMISSIONS, INSPECTION, KILOWATT-HOUR, LAND TRANSPORT, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LANDFILL, LANDFILL GAS, LIVABLE CITIES, LOCAL AIR POLLUTANTS, LOW-CARBON, MARKET PRICES, MASS RAPID TRANSIT, MASS TRANSIT, MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, MOBILITY, NATURAL GAS, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, NITROGEN, NITROGEN OXIDE, NONMOTORIZED TRANSPORT, NOX, OIL, OIL CONSUMPTION, OIL EQUIVALENT, OIL SUPPLY, OILS, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATE MATTER, PARTICULATES, PERSONAL VEHICLES, POLICE, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION DAMAGES, POPULATION DENSITY, POWER GENERATION, POWER MIX, POWER PLANTS, POWER PRODUCER, PRIMARY ENERGY, PRIMARY FEEDSTOCK, PUBLIC PARKS, PUBLIC TRANSIT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORKS, PUBLIC WORKS, RAIL TRANSIT, RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM, RAIL TRANSPORTATION, RAPID TRANSIT, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS, RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT, RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY, RENEWABLE ENERGY USE, RETROFITTING, ROAD, ROAD PRICING, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROADS, SANITATION, SMALL POWER PRODUCERS, SMART PLANNING, SO2, SOLAR WATER HEATERS, SOX, SUGARCANE, SULFUR, SULFUR DIOXIDE, SULFUR OXIDE, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT, SUSTAINABLE WATER, TAX, TAX CREDITS, TAX RATE, TONS OF CARBON, TONS OF COAL EQUIVALENT, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, TRAFFIC SYSTEM, TRANSIT AUTHORITY, TRANSIT CORRIDORS, TRANSIT SYSTEM, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT EMISSIONS, TRANSPORT PLANNING, TRANSPORT POLICIES, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRIPS, UNEP, URBAN PASSENGER, URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT, URBAN RAIL, URBAN SPRAWL, URBAN TRANSPORT, UTILITY BILL, VEHICLE, VEHICLE FUEL, VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY, VEHICLE REGISTRATION, VEHICLE REGISTRATION FEES, VEHICLE TRAFFIC, VEHICLE-KILOMETERS, VEHICLES, WALKING, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATER QUALITY, WEALTH, WIND, WIND POWER