Pakistan : Path to Rapid Growth and Job Creation

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dc.creatorLopez-Calix, José
dc.date2014-04-16T18:42:25Z
dc.date2014-04-16T18:42:25Z
dc.date2013-06
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:58:24Z
dc.descriptionPakistan's rebound from the global financial crisis has been slow and fragile, and unless it changes course swiftly, it could face the prospects of a second balance of payments crisis in less than five years. Its recovery from the 2008-09 global financial crisis has been the weakest in South Asia, featuring a unique double-dip growth pattern. With high fertility, Pakistan will double the size of its already young population by 2025. The only way to convert this massive demographic bulge from a political and social burden to an exceptional dividend is through rapid and inclusive growth that creates millions of new and better jobs. In sum, the two main challenges are improving the types of jobs available and enabling people to move into those more productive activities. The binding constraints to Pakistan's growth are both emerging and structural. Emerging constraints include massive cuts in electricity access and macroeconomic instability, leading to high country risk and a sudden stop in external and domestic financing. Structural constraints include low access to domestic finance and government and market failures (micro risks) that impede investment, entrepreneurial activity, and competitiveness, blocking the transition from low-productivity to high-productivity jobs. Pakistan is at a turning point. It could stick to a status quo of piecemeal reforms leading to partial and unsatisfactory outcomes, which at best would lead it to recover its modest historic growth rate of 4-4.5 percent, or it could aim for a bold reform agenda supporting rapid growth (on or above 7 percent) and job creation. Both options are possible, but the former would make it very difficult for Pakistan to meet the aspirations of its people, and especially of its youth.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/19354762/pakistan-path-rapid-growth-job-creation
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/17857
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/17857
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/413707
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.relationWorld Bank Policy Paper Series on Pakistan;no. PK 19/12
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL TAX
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAMORTIZATIONS
dc.subjectANTI-EXPORT BIAS
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS CRISIS
dc.subjectBANK CREDIT
dc.subjectBANK FINANCING
dc.subjectBANKS
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO COMPETITION
dc.subjectBORROWING
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCORPORATE GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOUNTRY RISK
dc.subjectCPI
dc.subjectCREDIBILITY
dc.subjectCREDIT CRUNCH
dc.subjectCREDIT EXPANSION
dc.subjectCREDIT LINES
dc.subjectCREDIT MARKETS
dc.subjectCROWDING OUT
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCURRENCY CRISIS
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDECLINE IN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC CLIMATE
dc.subjectECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC SITUATION
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYER
dc.subjectENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPORT DIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectEXPORTER
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL DEBT
dc.subjectEXTERNAL FINANCING
dc.subjectEXTERNAL IMBALANCES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL SHOCKS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectFAMILY FARMS
dc.subjectFAMILY INCOME
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFARMS
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectFEMALE LITERACY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectFISCAL CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectFISCAL DEFICIT
dc.subjectFISCAL DEFICITS
dc.subjectFISCAL REFORM
dc.subjectFLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectFOOD SHORTAGES
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET
dc.subjectFORMAL LOANS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BORROWING
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SPENDING
dc.subjectGREEN REVOLUTION
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH PATTERN
dc.subjectGROWTH POTENTIAL
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectHIGH ELASTICITY
dc.subjectHIGH GROWTH
dc.subjectHOLDING
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCE
dc.subjectID
dc.subjectINCOME LEVEL
dc.subjectINEQUALITIES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINFLATION RATES
dc.subjectINFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL REFORM
dc.subjectINSTRUMENT
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERMEDIATE GOODS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CREDIT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FINANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVENTORY
dc.subjectINVESTMENT CLIMATE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT RATE
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectJOB OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLACK OF ACCESS
dc.subjectLAND OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectLAND REGISTRATION
dc.subjectLANDLESS HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectLEVEL PLAYING FIELD
dc.subjectLINES OF CREDIT
dc.subjectLIQUIDITY
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARD
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectMIGRANT WORKERS
dc.subjectMONETARY FUND
dc.subjectMONETARY POLICIES
dc.subjectMONETARY POLICY
dc.subjectMOVABLE COLLATERAL
dc.subjectNATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subjectNATURAL ENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMY
dc.subjectPER CAPITA GROWTH
dc.subjectPHYSICAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOPULATION SHARE
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIVATE CREDIT
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SAVINGS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC DEBT
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SAVINGS
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectREAL INTEREST
dc.subjectREAL INTEREST RATES
dc.subjectRED TAPE
dc.subjectREDUCED POVERTY
dc.subjectREGISTRATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectREGULATORY BARRIERS
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectREPAYMENTS
dc.subjectRESERVE
dc.subjectRESERVE REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectRESERVES
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectRICH COUNTRIES
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESSES
dc.subjectSMALL ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSMALLHOLDER
dc.subjectSOCIAL NETWORKS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOVEREIGN BONDS
dc.subjectSTAGFLATION
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subjectTAX EXEMPTIONS
dc.subjectTAX POLICY
dc.subjectTAX REFORM
dc.subjectTAX REVENUE
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTERRORISM
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTOTAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE REGIME
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectWATER POLLUTION
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
dc.titlePakistan : Path to Rapid Growth and Job Creation

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