The Impact of Syrians Refugees on the Turkish Labor Market
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Civil war in Syria has resulted in more
than four million refugees fleeing the country, of which 1.8
million have found refuge in Turkey, making it the largest
refugee-hosting country worldwide. This paper combines newly
available data on the 2014 distribution of Syrian refugees
across subregions of Turkey with the Turkish Labour Force
Survey, to assess the impact on Turkish labor market
conditions. Using a novel instrument, the analysis finds
that the refugees, who overwhelmingly do not have work
permits, result in the large-scale displacement of informal,
low-educated, female Turkish workers, especially in
agriculture. While there is net displacement, the inflow of
refugees also creates higher-wage formal jobs, allowing for
occupational upgrading of Turkish workers. Average Turkish
wages have increased primarily as the composition of the
employed has changed because of the inflow of refugees.
Palabras clave
WAGE IMPACT, JOBS, EMPLOYMENT, IMMIGRANT, EMPLOYMENT RATE, BASIC SERVICES, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE, SKILLED WORKERS, RETIREMENT, PREVIOUS SECTION, SCHOOLING, PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, INFLUX OF REFUGEES, EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS, ATTENDANCE RATES, EDUCATION REFORMS, LABOR FORCE, NUMBER OF REFUGEES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, HIGH SCHOOL, HEALTH CARE, IMMIGRANTS, WAGE LOSSES, HIGHER EDUCATION, JOB, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, AGE CATEGORIES, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, DISPLACEMENT EFFECT, EMPLOYMENT RATES, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET IMPACT, NATIONAL LEVEL, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, EMPLOYMENT TRENDS, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KNOWLEDGE, NATIVE WORKERS, LABOR MARKET, RIGHT TO WORK, FORCED MIGRATION, REGULAR JOBS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, DISPLACEMENT, WORKER, HOST COUNTRIES, WORLD CONFERENCE, SECONDARY SCHOOL, UNEMPLOYED, MIGRATION, ECONOMIC CHANGES, EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES, TEMPORARY PROTECTION, FORMAL LABOR MARKET, EMPLOYMENT COMPOSITION, SOCIAL SECURITY, CULTURAL CHANGE, SCHOOL COMPLETION, LABOR, PRIMARY SCHOOL, MIGRANTS, WAGE INCREASE, MORTALITY, REGULAR WORKERS, RESPECT, PROGRESS, WAGE GAINS, UNEMPLOYMENT, REGULAR” EMPLOYMENT, AVERAGE WAGES, HUMAN CAPITAL, FOOD SECURITY, WORKERS, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, LOCAL LABOR MARKETS, PRESENT EVIDENCE, VALUES, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS, EDUCATION REFORM, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, AVERAGE WAGE, AGE GROUPS, FLOWS OF PEOPLE, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, REFUGEE, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, JOB CREATION, SCHOOL CHILDREN, REFUGEES, EARNING, POPULATIONS, LABOR MARKET INDICATORS, JOB OFFERS, REGULAR EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT EFFECT, HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES, POLICY, MANAGEMENT, REFUGEE CAMPS, PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT IMPACT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, POPULATION MOVEMENTS, UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES, LABOUR FORCE, EDUCATION, WARS, SUBSTITUTION EFFECT, WAR, HOST COUNTRY, EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITY, HUMAN RESOURCES, DISPLACEMENT EFFECTS, EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP, IMMIGRATION, INTERNAL MIGRATION, EMPLOYEE, ECONOMIC TRENDS, YOUNG PEOPLE, POPULATION, LABOR SUPPLY, WAGE EFFECTS, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, LOCAL LABOR MARKET, POLICY RESEARCH, CIVIL WAR, PRIMARY EDUCATION, WOMEN, LABOUR, LABOR MARKETS, HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, SCHOOL, REFUGEE POPULATION, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, EMPLOYEES