The Decision to Invest in Child Quality over Quantity : Household Size and Household Investment in Education in Vietnam

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dc.creatorRogers, F. Halsey
dc.creatorDang, Hai-Anh
dc.date2013-09-26T14:36:27Z
dc.date2013-09-26T14:36:27Z
dc.date2013-06
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:56:05Z
dc.descriptionDuring Vietnam's two decades of rapid economic growth, its fertility rate has fallen sharply at the same time that its educational attainment has risen rapidly -- macro trends that are consistent with the hypothesis of a quantity-quality tradeoff in child-rearing. This paper investigates whether the micro-level evidence supports the hypothesis that Vietnamese parents are in fact making a tradeoff between quantity and quality of children. The paper presents new measures of household investment in private tutoring, together with traditional measures of household investments in education. It analyzes data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys and instruments for family size using the distance to the nearest family planning center. The estimation results show that families do indeed invest less in the education of school-age children who have larger numbers of siblings. This effect holds for several indicators of educational investment -- including general education expenditure and various measures of private tutoring investment -- and is robust to various definitions of family size and model specifications that control for community characteristics as well as the distance to the city center. Finally, the results suggest that tutoring may be a better measure of quality-oriented household investments in education than traditional measures like enrollment, which are arguably less nuanced and household-driven.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17874788/decision-invest-child-quality-over-quantity-household-size-household-investment-education-vietnam
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/15846
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-6487
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/413178
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6487
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectABORTION
dc.subjectACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectADOLESCENT FERTILITY
dc.subjectADOLESCENTS
dc.subjectADULT POPULATION
dc.subjectAGE GROUPS
dc.subjectAGE RANGES
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY OF FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectBEHAVIOR CHANGE
dc.subjectBIRTH CONTROL
dc.subjectBIRTH ORDER
dc.subjectBIRTHS PER WOMAN
dc.subjectBULLETIN
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY RATES
dc.subjectCHILDBEARING
dc.subjectCHILDREN PER FAMILY
dc.subjectCOLLEGE ENTRANCE
dc.subjectCOMMITTEE ON POPULATION
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY HEALTH
dc.subjectCOMPULSORY SCHOOLING
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE USE
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR EDUCATION
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC CHANGE
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC TRANSITION
dc.subjectECONOMICS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectEDUCATED ADULTS
dc.subjectEDUCATION DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATION EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEDUCATION EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEDUCATION FINANCE
dc.subjectEDUCATION INVESTMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATION OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL PLANNING
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL QUALITY
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENTRANCE EXAM
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEQUITABLE ACCESS
dc.subjectEXAM
dc.subjectEXAM PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectEXTENDED FAMILIES
dc.subjectEXTENDED FAMILY
dc.subjectFAMILY INCOME
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING SERVICES
dc.subjectFAMILY SIZE
dc.subjectFAMILY SIZES
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATE
dc.subjectFEWER BIRTHS
dc.subjectFEWER CHILDREN
dc.subjectFIRST CHILD
dc.subjectFIRST GRADE
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENERAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT AGENCIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHIGH CHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectHIGH SCHOOL
dc.subjectHIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD LEVEL
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES
dc.subjectINTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN CHILDREN
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectKINSHIP
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOUR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLAM
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLEARNING OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLET
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectMAJORITY OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectMARITAL FERTILITY
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMATERNITY CARE
dc.subjectMIGRATION
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectMOTHERS
dc.subjectNATIONAL COMMITTEE
dc.subjectNEWSLETTER
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOLDER CHILDREN
dc.subjectPAPERS
dc.subjectPARENTAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectPARENTS
dc.subjectPEER PRESSURE
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOPULATION ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectPOPULATION CENSUSES
dc.subjectPOPULATION CONTROL
dc.subjectPOPULATION CONTROL POLICIES
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOPULATION POLICIES
dc.subjectPOPULATION SUBGROUP
dc.subjectPOPULATION SUBGROUPS
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIVATE SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIVATE SCHOOLING
dc.subjectPRIVATE TUTORING
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC SCHOOL
dc.subjectPUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectQUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectRADIO
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRETURNS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL VILLAGE
dc.subjectSCHOOL ATTENDANCE
dc.subjectSCHOOL CENSUS
dc.subjectSCHOOL COMMUNITY
dc.subjectSCHOOL ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectSCHOOL ENROLMENT
dc.subjectSCHOOL LEVEL
dc.subjectSCHOOL QUALITY
dc.subjectSCHOOL SYSTEM
dc.subjectSCHOOL YEAR
dc.subjectSCHOOL-AGE
dc.subjectSCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSCHOOLING QUALITY
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSECONDARY STUDENTS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX PREFERENCE
dc.subjectSEX-SELECTIVE ABORTION
dc.subjectSEXUAL BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectSINGLE CHILD
dc.subjectSMALLER HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectSOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSON PREFERENCE
dc.subjectSTUDENT TEACHER RATIO
dc.subjectSTUDENT-TEACHER RATIOS
dc.subjectTEACHER
dc.subjectTEACHER QUALIFICATIONS
dc.subjectTEACHER QUALITY
dc.subjectTEACHER RATIO
dc.subjectTEACHER TRAINING
dc.subjectTEACHERS
dc.subjectTECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectTELEVISION
dc.subjectTERTIARY LEVEL
dc.subjectTEST SCORES
dc.subjectTRAINING COLLEGE
dc.subjectTUITION
dc.subjectTUTORING
dc.subjectTUTORS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectUNWANTED BIRTHS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectYOUNG MEN
dc.subjectYOUNG WOMEN
dc.subjectquantity-quality tradeoff
dc.titleThe Decision to Invest in Child Quality over Quantity : Household Size and Household Investment in Education in Vietnam

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