Collective Action and Community Development : Evidence from Self-Help Groups in Rural India
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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In response to the problems of high
coordination costs among the poor, efforts are underway in
many countries to organize the poor through "self-help
groups" (SHGs) -- membership-based organizations that
aim to promote social cohesion through a mixture of
education, access to finance, and linkages to wider
development programs. The authors randomly selected 32 of 80
villages in one of the poorest districts in rural India in
which to establish SHGs for women. Two years of exposure to
these programs increased women's participation in group
savings programs as well as the non-agricultural labor
force. Compared to women in control villages, treated women
were also more likely to participate in household decisions
and engage in civic activities. The authors find no evidence
however, that participation increased income or had a
disproportionate impact by women's socio-economic
status. These results are important in light of the recent
effort to expand official support to SHGs under the National
Rural Livelihood Mission.
Palabras clave
ABUSE, ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO FINANCE, ACCOUNTABILITY, AGRICULTURAL INCOME, AGRICULTURAL INCOMES, BANK ACCOUNT, BANK LOANS, BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATION, BLOCK GRANTS, BORROWING, BRIBE, BRIBES, BRIBING, CAPACITY BUILDING, CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT, CIVIC ENGAGEMENT, CIVIC PARTICIPATION, COLLABORATION, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY AFFAIRS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, COOPERATIVES, CREDIT HISTORIES, CREDIT INSTITUTIONS, CREDIT MARKETS, CREDIT MECHANISM, DEMOCRACY, DEPOSIT, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, DISTRICTS, DOWRY, DRINKING WATER, DWELLING, DWELLINGS, ECONOMIC BACKGROUND, ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATION SERVICES, EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EQUALITY, EXCLUSION, FACILITATORS, FAMILY DECISIONS, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY SIZE, FARMERS, FEMALE, FEMALE LITERACY, FINANCIAL CAPACITY, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FINANCIAL TRAINING, FORMAL FINANCIAL SECTOR, GENDER, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER INEQUALITY, GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, GREATER ACCESS, GREEN REVOLUTION, GROUP ACCOUNTS, GROUP LENDING, HEALTH SERVICES, HOME OWNERSHIP, HOUSEHOLD FINANCES, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLDS, HUSBAND, ILLITERACY, ILLITERATE WOMEN, INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS, INDIVIDUAL WOMEN, INDUCEMENT, INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT, INTEREST RATE, INTERMEDIARY, INTERNAL FUNDS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, INTERVIEWS, JOB TRAINING, KINSHIP, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKETS, LEARNING, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF PARTICIPATION, LIMITED ACCESS, LITERACY TRAINING, LOAN, LOCAL COMMUNITY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MARITAL STATUS, MARRIED WOMEN, MEDICAL CARE, MICRO-ENTERPRISE, MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT, MICRO-FINANCE, MICROFINANCE, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION, MOBILITY, NATIONAL COUNCIL, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, PARTICIPATION RATES, PERSONAL EMPOWERMENT, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, POLITICAL PARTIES, POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION DENSITY, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREVAILING ATTITUDES, PROGRESS, PROJECT DESIGN, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC INVESTMENTS, PUBLIC SERVICES, RECONSTRUCTION, RESIDENCY, RESPECT, REVOLVING FUND, RURAL AREAS, RURAL BANKS, RURAL CREDIT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL DISTRICT, RURAL ECONOMY, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SAVINGS ACCOUNT, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOLING, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SELF-HELP, SERVICE DELIVERY, SHOPS, SKILLS TRAINING, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SOURCES OF CREDIT, SPILLOVER, SPILLOVER EFFECTS, STATE GOVERNMENTS, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING SERVICES, UNEMPLOYMENT, VILLAGE, VILLAGE LEVEL, VILLAGES, VOCATIONAL SKILLS, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABLE GROUPS, VULNERABLE WOMEN, WOMAN, WORKFORCE, collective action