Development and Development Paradigms. A (Reasoned) Review of Prevailing Visions
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This paper attempts to sketch prevailing development paradigms, i.e. the definition of modalities to achieve development, based on either a codified set of activities and/or based on a vision regarding the functioning and evolution of a socio-economic system. This exercise contributes to the interpretation of recent past and ongoing development processes and policies and to support the exploration of alternative development paradigms to address emerging and future development issues. After defining the concepts of development and development paradigms, this paper identifies some key “ingredients” of recent past and prevailing development “recipes”. Mutual links among these “ingredients” are explored through selected contributions in the literature which focuses on development issues. On this basis, some cause-effect relationships are highlighted, which are at the root of most development processes. The analysis of these cause-effect relationships allows for the identification of s elected development paradigms prevailing in different countries, during different periods and within different development contexts. In the light of the emerging issues affecting the sustainability of development achievements in industrialised countries, the concluding remarks reassess the prevailing vision according to which selected countries are considered “developed”, as opposed to others considered “developing”.