Defining Heroes : Key Lessons from the Creation of Veterans Policy in Timor-Leste
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Washington, DC
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This study seeks to examine and reflect
on the process, results and lessons of the efforts to
recognize and assist veterans of the resistance in
Timor-Leste. The aim is to document those aspects that may
have value for other post-conflict settings where nascent
institutions are attempting to wrestle with similar issues.
The paper proceeds in four sections. Section two provides
background and contextual information. Four themes are
covered: the development of veterans' policy in
post-conflict settings; the history of the Timorese
resistance movement; military formation and demobilization
under United Nations Transitional Administration in East
Timor (UNTAET); and, the predicament of veterans at the
reestablishment of independence (2002). Section three
documents the creation of veterans' policy in
Timor-Leste. In rough chronological order it focuses on
seven phases: the establishment of the veterans'
commissions; the registration of veterans; public
consultations; legislation development; recognition
measures, pensions and assistance, as well as some of the
key challenges ahead. Section four draws out some of the key
lessons of the Timorese experience, including both more
strategic and more operational lessons. Section five concludes.
Palabras clave
ABUSE, AMMUNITION, ARMED FORCE, ARMED FORCES, ARMS, ARMY, BATTLES, BULLETS, CEMETERIES, CIVIL SERVANTS, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL WAR, CIVILIAN POPULATION, COMBATANTS, COMMUNICATION CHANNELS, COMPENSATION, COMPLAINTS, CONFIDENCE, CONFLICT, CONFLICT PREVENTION, CORRUPTION, COURT, CRIME, CRIMES, CRIMINAL, DEFENCE, DEFENSE, DEMOBILIZATION, DEMOCRACY, DISABILITY, DISARMAMENT, DISSEMINATION, DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION, ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION, ECONOMIC STATUS, ELDERLY, ELECTIONS, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FIGHTING, FOOD INSECURITY, FOREIGNERS, FORMER FIGHTERS, GOVERNMENT OFFICES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HARASSMENT, HOME, HOUSES, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUSBAND, HUSBANDS, IMF, IMPRISONMENT, INEQUITIES, INITIATIVE, INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES, INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT, JAIL, LACK OF FOOD, LAWS, LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, LIBERTIES, LOBBYING, LOCAL CAPACITY, MANDATES, MASSACRE, MEDICAL CARE, MEDICAL REFERRALS, MEETING, MEETINGS, MILITARY BASE, MILITIA, MILITIAS, MINISTER, MODALITIES, MORTALITY, NATIONAL COUNCIL, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUMBER OF WOMEN, OBSERVERS, OFFENCES, OLD AGE, ORPHANS, PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE, PEACE, PEACE ACCORDS, PENSION, PENSIONS, POLICE, POLICE FORCE, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLICY PROCESS, POLICY PROCESSES, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL LEADERSHIP, POLITICAL PARTIES, POLITICAL PARTY, POLITICAL SUPPORT, POST-CONFLICT SETTINGS, PRISON, PRISONER, PRISONERS, PROGRESS, PROVISION OF ASSISTANCE, PUBLIC DEBATE, PUBLIC DISCUSSION, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SUPPORT, RECONCILIATION, RESPECT, ROLE OF WOMEN, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY NET, SECURITY FORCES, SELF-DETERMINATION, SEXUAL ABUSE, SOCIAL SOLIDARITY, SOLDIER, SOLDIERS, SUBSTANTIVE LAW, SUBVENTION, SUBVENTIONS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TACTICS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TEENAGERS, TELEVISION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, THIEF, TORTURE, TRANSPARENCY, TRIAL, UNDP, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBAN AREAS, VETERANS, VICTIMS, VIOLENCE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, WEAPON, WEAPONS, WIDOW, WIDOWS, WILL, WIVES