Comparing Cash and Voucher Transfers in a Humanitarian Context
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Despite recent calls in support of cash
transfers, there is little rigorous evidence of the relative
impacts of cash versus in-kind transfers, especially in
humanitarian contexts, where a majority of such programs
take place. This paper uses data from a randomized
experiment in the Democratic Republic of Congo to assess the
relative impacts and costs of equivalently valued cash and
voucher transfers. The voucher program distorted households’
purchases along both the extensive and intensive margin as
compared with unconstrained cash households. Yet there were
no differences in food consumption or other measures of
well-being, in part due to the fact that voucher households
were able to resell part of what they purchased. As there
were no significant benefits to vouchers, cash transfers
were the more cost effective modality for both the
implementing agency and program recipients in this context.
Palabras clave
RISKS, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, VILLAGES, STANDARD ERROR, FOOD CONSUMPTION, BREAD, INCOME, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, COUNTERFACTUAL, INCOME ON FOOD, SERVICES, INCOME TRANSFERS, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME, CASSAVA, HOUSING, POLITICAL ECONOMY, DEATH, FOOD POLICY, FOOD STAMPS, NEIGHBORHOOD, HEALTH, IFPRI, PROJECTS, PROJECT, NEIGHBORHOODS, COLLECTION ACTIVITIES, RURAL POPULATION, CONFLICT, MEASURES, HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS, SAFETY NETS, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, POVERTY REDUCTION, MAIZE, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, YAMS, SAVINGS, TRAINING, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, INTERVENTION, INCOME SHOCK, POVERTY PROGRAMS, TRANSFERS, STANDARD ERRORS, PALM OIL, MARKETS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, FRUITS, VEGETABLES, ANTI-POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, FOOD EXPENDITURES, SOCIAL SECURITY, POLITICAL FEASIBILITY, GRAINS, FOOD PRODUCTS, CASH TRANSFERS, FOOD AID, FOOD ITEMS, DESIGN, FOOD AID PROGRAMS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, FOOD SECURITY, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY, FAIRS, BASIC NEEDS, PARTICIPATION, GENDER, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, TUBERS, DRIED FISH, HYGIENE, PEANUTS, RURAL POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD, TRANSFER AMOUNTS, AGRICULTURE, MALNUTRITION, RURAL, NUTRITION, WFP, TRANSACTION COSTS, EGGS, MARKET, FOOD TRANSFERS, FOOD, PORK, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, FOOD PROGRAMMES, CONDIMENTS, IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, SCHOOL FEEDING, TARGETING, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, WAR, CORN, SUPERMARKETS, HOUSEHOLDS, EQUALITY, RURAL AREAS, POVERTY, MEAT, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, RICE, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, INTERVENTIONS, COMMUNITY, POOR, STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE, FOOD PRICES, SAFETY, FOODS, FLOUR, FEMALE, SERVICE, GAUGE, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, POTATO, DISPLACED PERSONS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, EXTREME VULNERABILITY, SUGAR