Three overviews on environment and aquaculture in the tropics and sub-tropics
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This paper examines the environmental effects of aquaculture, with emphasis on aquaculture in tropical and subtropical areas. The aquaculture method and intensity determine the type and scale of environmental effects in combination with the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the area in question. Extensive aquaculture triggers the least substantial environmental effects and intensive systems the most. Aquaculture can cause ecological change, destroy wetlands habitats and distu rb wildlife. Uncontrolled introductions and transfers can change the biodiversity of ecosystems. Human health can be affected and new diseases can be introduced among indigenous fishes. Conflicts can arise over land and water use. On the other hand, integrated aquaculture can increase the efficiency of resource use by converting agricultural byproducts into fish proteins. Also, pond mud can be used as fertilizer on the fields, and the water can be used for irrigation.Sewage water contains large amounts of nutrients that can be utilized for aquaculture. This practice is thousands of years old in Asia, but has yet to be established in Africa and South America. Public health must always be safeguarded in practices utilizing human or animal waste; this can be done through appropriate culture and handling techniques, and thorough cooking of the food produced.Sewage water contains large amounts of nutrients that can be utilized for aquaculture. This practice is thousands of years old in Asia , but has yet to be established in Africa and South America. Public health must always be safeguarded in practices utilizing human or animal waste; this can be done through appropriate culture and handling techniques, and thorough cooking of the food produced.