Mainstreaming Gender in Water and Sanitation
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Washington, DC
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Gender is a concept that refers to
socially constructed roles, behavior, activities and
attributes that a particular society considers appropriate
and ascribes to men and women. A useful definition of the
concept of gender mainstreaming is provided by the United
Nations Economic and Social Council (1997), suggests that
mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of
assessing the implications for women and men of any planned
action, including legislation, policies or programs, in all
areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making the
concerns and experiences of women as well as men, an
integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring
and evaluation of policies and programs in all political,
economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit
equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal
is to achieve gender equality. The chapters that follow
highlight in a short summary form experiences of
mainstreaming gender at various levels in the water and
sanitation sector. It begins with a discussion on gender
responses to policy and its requirement for analysis and
clear policy objectives to guide operations. The second
section touches on experiences of mainstreaming gender
within sector operations, beginning with the importance of
mainstreaming in the workplace. Section three addresses
gender responses to monitoring and evaluation processes,
while the fourth section examines responses to gender issues
within accountability and voice initiatives. Section five
assesses gender responses within hygiene and behavior change
programs, while section six examines the linkages between
water, sanitation and HIV/AIDS. This is followed by an
assessment of the way ahead. In each section good
mainstreaming practices are highlighted, while a checklist
summarizes key points to consider when mainstreaming gender.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICIES, AWARENESS RAISING, AWARENESS RAISING ACTIVITIES, BARRIERS TO PARTICIPATION, BARRIERS TO WOMEN, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BEHAVIOUR CHANGE, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAREGIVERS, CHILD HEALTH, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CITIZENSHIP, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, COMMUNICATION CHANNELS, COMMUNITY WATER, CONNECTION POLICIES, CONTROL OVER RESOURCES, CULTURAL BARRIERS TO WOMEN, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISABILITY, DISCRIMINATION, DISEASES, DISSEMINATION, EARTH SUMMIT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATION STRATEGIES, EMPOWERING WOMEN, EPIDEMIC, EQUAL BASIS WITH MEN, EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES, EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, EQUAL PARTICIPATION, EQUAL REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN, EQUAL TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, EQUAL WORK, ETHNIC GROUPS, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GENDER, GENDER ANALYSIS, GENDER ASSESSMENTS, GENDER AWARENESS, GENDER CONCERNS, GENDER CONSIDERATIONS, GENDER DIMENSIONS, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER EXPERTISE, GENDER FOCAL POINT, GENDER FOCAL POINTS, GENDER INDICATORS, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ISSUE, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER MAINSTREAMING, GENDER PERSPECTIVE, GENDER PERSPECTIVES, GENDER RELATIONS, GENDER REPRESENTATION, GENDER RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE, GENDER ROLES, GENDER SENSITIVE, GENDER SENSITIVE INDICATORS, GENDER SPECIALISTS, GENDER SPECIFIC, GENDER STRATEGIES, GENDER TARGETS, GIRLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS, HIV, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLDS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INFORMED DECISIONS, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, INSTITUTIONAL REFORM, LEGAL PROTECTION, LEGAL STATUS, LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE, LINKAGE BETWEEN GENDER, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOCAL COMMUNITY, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOW INCOME AREAS, MARITAL STATUS, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL HEALTH CARE, MATERNITY LEAVE, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MORTALITY, MOTHER, MUNICIPALITIES, NATIONAL GENDER POLICY, NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLICY, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NUTRITION, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, PANDEMIC, PARADIGM SHIFT, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES, PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, PIT LATRINES, POLICY FORMULATION, POLICY GOALS, POLICY LEVEL, POLICY MAKERS, POPULATION DIVISION, POWER OF WOMEN, PRACTITIONERS, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIVATE OPERATOR, PRIVATE OPERATORS, PROGRESS, PROPERTY OWNERS, PROVISION OF SERVICES, PUBLIC HEARINGS, PUBLIC SPHERE, PUBLIC TOILETS, QUALITY SERVICES, RAPID POPULATION GROWTH, REDRESS INEQUALITY, REPRODUCTIVE ROLES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEN, RISK FACTORS, ROLE MODELS, ROLE OF WOMEN, RURAL AREAS, RURAL WATER, SAFE WATER, SANITATION, SANITATION DEVELOPMENT, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICE PROVIDERS, SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION STRATEGY, SANITATION WATER, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL ENROLMENT, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE QUALITY, SEWAGE DISPOSAL, SEWERAGE SERVICES, SEX, SEX ROLES, SIZE OF FAMILIES, SMALL TOWN, SMALL TOWN WATER, SMALL TOWNS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL COUNCIL, SOCIAL EQUALITY, SOCIAL EQUITY, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL SCIENCE, SPOUSES, SUPPLY NETWORKS, SUSTAINABLE ACCESS, TARIFF SETTING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, UNDP, UNICEF, UNITED NATIONS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN SANITATION, URBAN WATER, URBANIZATION, UTILITIES, UTILITY MANAGERS, VICTIMS, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WATER COMPANY, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER POLICY, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SALES, WATER SECTOR, WATER SELLERS, WATER SERVICES, WATER SHORTAGES, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT, WATER SYSTEM, WATER USERS, WELFARE APPROACH, WID, WOMAN, WOMEN IN DECISION MAKING, WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT, WORK FORCE, WORKFORCE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WORLD POPULATION