The Covid-19 Vaccine Production Club
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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In the first two months of 2021, the
production of COVID-19 vaccines has suffered setbacks
delaying the implementation of national inoculation
strategies. These delays have revealed the concentration of
vaccine manufacture in a small club of producer nations,
which in turn has implications for the degree to which
cross-border value chains can deter more aggressive forms of
Vaccine Nationalism, such as export curbs. This paper
documents the existence of this club, taking account of not
just the production of final vaccines but also the
ingredients of and items needed to manufacture and
distribute COVID-19 vaccines. During 2017–19, vaccine
producing nations sourced 88 percent of their key vaccine
ingredients from other vaccine producing trading partners.
Combined with the growing number of mutations of COVID-19
and the realization that this coronavirus is likely to
become a permanent endemic global health threat, this
finding calls for a rethink of the policy calculus towards
ramping up the production and distribution of COVID-19
vaccines, its ingredients, and the various items needed to
deliver them. The more approved vaccines that are safely
produced, the smaller will be the temptation to succumb to
zero-sum Vaccine Nationalism.
Palabras clave
CORONAVIRUS, COVID-19 VACCINATION, VALUE CHAIN, VACCINE NATIONALISM, EXPORT CONTROL, EXPORT BAN, mRNA, LIPIDS, NITRILE GLOVE, SYRINGE, VIAL, VACCINE PRODUCTION