Enabling Technologies for Handwashing with Soap : A Case Study on the Tippy-Tap in Uganda
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The Water and Sanitation Program's
(WSP) Global scaling up handwashing project is testing
whether innovative promotional approaches to behavior change
can generate widespread and sustained improvements in
household hygiene and sanitation practices in Peru, Senegal,
Tanzania, and Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to
document the process through which tippy-taps were promoted
to qualitatively explore the results and to draw out lessons
for future interventions. Handwashing with soap at key times
is believed to be an effective and highly cost effective
means of reducing diarrhea incidence. However, global rates
of handwashing with soap are frequently low, particularly
among the poor, who also face the greatest threat from
infectious diseases. Access to a convenient handwashing
station has been found to be associated with higher rates of
handwashing and decreased fingertip contamination.
Tippy-taps were an acceptable means of providing a low cost
enabling technology for handwashing in this population.
Anecdotally they have increased rates of handwashing after
latrine use. However, uptake appeared driven by the
'push' of the intervention rather than the
'pull' of the technology and the extent to which
spontaneous uptake and sustained use can be achieved in the
absence of intensive intervention activities is not known.
Respondents in non model villages had little contact with
model villages and were largely unaware of the tippy-tap.
The interventions were labor intensive and probably
difficult to scale-up.
Palabras clave
AGED, ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY, ATTRIBUTES, BASIC, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, CHILD HEALTH, CHOLERA, COMMUNITIES, COMPONENTS, CONSTRUCTION, COST EFFECTIVENESS, DIARRHEA, DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS, DISEASE TRANSMISSION, DOMESTIC HYGIENE, DRINKING WATER, ENGINEERS, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FEMALE, FOOD PREPARATION, GARBAGE DISPOSAL, HAND WASHING, HAND WASHING FACILITIES, HANDS WITH SOAP, HANDWASHING, HEALTH AND HYGIENE, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH MESSAGES, HEALTH POLICY, HOME IMPROVEMENT, HOUSEHOLD HYGIENE, HOUSEHOLD LATRINES, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSES, HYGIENE, HYGIENE BEHAVIOR, HYGIENE EDUCATION, HYGIENE ISSUES, HYGIENE PRACTICES, HYGIENE PROMOTION, HYGIENE PROMOTION PROGRAMS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INNOVATIONS, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, IRON, LAUNDRY, NEW TECHNOLOGY, PIT LATRINES, PROMOTING HEALTH, RAINWATER HARVESTING, RESERVOIRS, SAFE WATER, SANITARY LATRINES, SANITATION, SANITATION ACTIVITIES, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION PRACTICES, SANITATION SERVICES, SHELTERS, SOAP, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL WORKERS, VILLAGE LEVEL, VILLAGE WATER, VILLAGES, WASHING HANDS, WASTE, WATER SHORTAGES, WATER SUPPLY, WORKERS