Ethiopia - The Employment Creation Effects of the Addis Ababa Integrated Housing Program
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World Bank
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Ethiopia's second poverty reduction
strategy, the Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development
to End Poverty (PASDEP) outlines a strategy of complementing
a continued strong focus on increasing agricultural
productivity with an increased emphasis on urban
development. In this context it highlights the importance of
facilitating accelerated employment generation to address
the issue of high levels of urban unemployment. This report
is organized as follows: chapter two provides more detailed
background information on the program's operation and
goals. Chapter three focuses on the methodology for this
study, by articulating the key hypotheses tested in this
analysis and identifying its limitations. The chapter also
describes the main source of information for this study, a
purposively collected survey of firms and workers in the
construction sector. Chapter four addresses the central
issue of this report by providing a snapshot of the
beneficiaries of the program, focusing both on firms and
workers and reviewing the effects of the program in terms of
employment creation, both in static and in dynamic terms.
Chapter five provides evidence on the effectiveness of the
support offered by the program, and provides some evidence
on the general equilibrium effects of the program. Finally,
chapter six provides an assessment of the distributional
effects of the program through its employment creation
effects. Chapter seven reviews the main conclusions emerging
from the study and draws the policy implications for the
program, particularly in light o f its ongoing scaling up.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCOUNTING, ACCURATE ESTIMATE, ACTIVE LABOUR, ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET, ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICIES, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, ADMINISTRATIVE DATA, ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT, AFFORDABLE HOUSING, AGE GROUP, APARTMENT, APARTMENT BUILDINGS, APARTMENT HOUSES, APARTMENTS, BANK ACCOUNT, BENEFICIARY, BUILDING MATERIALS, CASUAL WORKERS, CITIES, COLLATERAL, COLLECTION ACTIVITIES, COMMUNITIES, COMPETITIVE MARKET, CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION SECTOR, CONSUMER, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CONTRIBUTION, CONTRIBUTIONS, COST ESTIMATES, COST INCREASE, CREATING JOBS, CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA, CURRENCY, CURRENT PLANS, CURRENT PRICES, CURRENT PROGRAM, CURRICULUM, DEPRECIATION, DESCRIPTION, DIVERSIFICATION, DOWN PAYMENT, DOWN PAYMENTS, DRIVERS, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL DISTRIBUTION, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENGINEERS, FACTOR MARKETS, FEMALE, FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS, FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL RISK, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FIRM PERFORMANCE, FIRM SIZE, GENDER, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, HOME IMPROVEMENT, HOME IMPROVEMENT LOANS, HOMES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSES, HOUSING, HOUSING CONDITIONS, HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, HOUSING CONSTRUCTION SECTOR, HOUSING COOPERATIVES, HOUSING DEVELOPMENT, HOUSING MARKET, HOUSING POLICIES, HOUSING PROGRAMS, HOUSING PROJECT, HOUSING PROJECTS, HOUSING SHORTAGE, HOUSING SHORTAGES, HOUSING SITES, HOUSING STOCK, HOUSING SUPPLY, HOUSING UNITS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCE, ILLEGAL SETTLEMENTS, INFLATION, INFORMAL HOUSING, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS, INHABITANTS, INNOVATION, INSURANCE, INTEREST RATES, INTERVENTIONS, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE ASSESSMENT, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, JOB CREATION, JOB SEARCH, JOBS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LABOUR ABSORPTION, LABOUR DEMAND, LABOUR FORCE, LABOUR INTENSITY, LABOUR MARKET, LABOUR MARKET POLICIES, LABOUR MARKET SUCCESS, LABOUR MARKETS, LABOUR STANDARDS, LABOUR-INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES, LAND DEVELOPMENT, LARGE FIRMS, LIFETIME, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOAN, LOW COST, LOW COST HOUSING, LOW COSTS, LOW INCOME, LOW-INCOME, LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS, LOWER INTEREST RATES, MARKET DEMAND, MARKET FAILURES, MARKETING, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, MORTGAGE, MORTGAGE FINANCE, NET EMPLOYMENT, NET JOB CREATION, OCCUPATION, OPEN UNEMPLOYMENT, OUTPUTS, OUTSTANDING PORTFOLIO, PERMANENT WORKERS, POOR HOUSING, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION PROCESS, PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROFIT SHARING, PROGRAM BENEFICIARIES, PROGRAM COSTS, PROGRAM DESIGN, PUBLIC WORKS, PURCHASES, QUESTIONNAIRE, REAL ESTATE, REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS, RENTAL HOUSING, RENTING, RENTS, REPAYMENT, REPAYMENT PERIODS, REPAYMENTS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RESPONSIBILITIES, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SALARY, SALE, SAVINGS, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SELF-HELP, SERVANTS, SHELTER, SHOPS, SITE DEVELOPMENT, SKILL REQUIREMENTS, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SLUM, SLUM AREAS, SLUM UPGRADING, SLUMS, SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES, SUBSIDIZED LAND, SUPPORT PROGRAM, SURVIVAL RATES, TOTAL COST, TOWNS, TRAINING COMPONENT, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRAINING SYSTEM, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYED WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION, UNEMPLOYMENT DURATIONS, UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, WAGE, WAGES, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKING POOR, WORTH, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH