Poverty and Environment : Understanding Linkages at the Household Level
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This report seeks to present micro
evidence on how environmental changes affect poor
households. It focuses primarily on environmental resources
that are outside the private sphere, particularly commonly
held and managed resources such as forests, fisheries, and
wildlife. The objectives for this volume are three-fold. It
is first interested in using an empirical data-driven
approach to examine the dependence of the poor on natural
resources. The second objective is to examine the role of
the environment in determining health outcomes. A third area
of interest concerns the role of policy instruments and
reforms. This report uses general economics literature as
well as data collected by the World Bank and its partners to
analyze poverty-environment linkages at the household level.
Poverty-environment linkages are inherently dynamic and
involve behavioral responses that make the identification of
cause and effect difficult. Thus, questions related to these
linkages are ideally answered with the use of panel datasets
or with data from randomized experiments.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, ASSET HOLDINGS, ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION, BIODIVERSITY, CHILD HEALTH, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMMON PROPERTY, COMMUNITY FORESTRY, COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, CROP YIELDS, DEFORESTATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIMINISHING RETURNS, DISCOUNT RATES, DURABLE GOODS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMICS, ECOSYSTEM, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL RISK, EQUILIBRIUM, EXTERNALITIES, FARM INCOME, FARMERS, FISH, FISHERIES, FOOD INSECURITY, FOREST COVER, FORESTRY, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL POPULATION, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH RISKS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH TARGETS, HOUSEHOLD ASSETS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HUMAN CAPITAL, HYGIENE, INCOME, INCOME SMOOTHING, INDICATORS OF POVERTY, INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, INSURANCE, INSURANCE MARKETS, INSURANCE SCHEMES, IRRIGATION, LABOR COSTS, LACK OF SANITATION, LAND ASSETS, LAND REFORMS, LARGE POPULATIONS, LATIN AMERICAN, LIVE BIRTHS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL POPULATION, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALNUTRITION, MEAT, MIGRANT, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, NATIONAL INCOME, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY MAKERS, POLLUTION, POOR, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PERSON, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY INDICATORS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, REMITTANCES, RESOURCE DEPLETION, RESOURCE USE, RESPECT, RISK FACTORS, RISK MANAGEMENT, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL POOR, SAFETY NET, SANITATION, SOCIAL NETWORKS, TIMBER, UNSAFE SEX, USE OF RESOURCES, VULNERABILITY, WASTE, WORKERS, YOUNG CHILDREN