How Does the Impact of an HIV/AIDS Information Campaign Vary with Educational Attainment? Evidence from Rural Uganda
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World Bank, Washington, D.C.
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The responsiveness to information is
thought to be one channel through which education affects
health outcomes. The author tests this hypothesis by
examining the effectiveness of an information campaign that
aims at preventing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Uganda. Previous
studies in the epidemiological literature have generally
concluded that, in Africa, there was either a positive
association or no association between HIV infection and
schooling levels. Using individual level data from a cohort
study following the general population of a cluster of
villages in rural Uganda over 12 years, the author shows
that, after more than a decade of prevention campaigns about
the dangers of the epidemic, there has been a substantial
evolution in the HIV/education gradient. Early in the
epidemic, in 1990, there was no robust relation between
HIV/AIDS and education. In 2000, among young individuals, in
particular among females, education lowers the risk of being
HIV positive. Results on HIV incidence in a duration
framework confirm that finding by establishing that, for
young individuals, education reduces the probability of
seroconversion. These findings reveal that educated
individuals have been more responsive to the HIV/AIDS
information campaigns. The analysis of sexual behavior
reinforces that conclusion: condom use is associated
positively with schooling levels.
Palabras clave
EDUCATION, HEALTH EDUCATION, DISEASE PREVENTION, DISEASES, AIDS, HIV EDUCATION, AIDS EPIDEMIC, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, CONDOM PROMOTION ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ADDITION, ADULT POPULATION, AGED, AIDS, AIDS AWARENESS, AIDS COUNSELING, AIDS MORTALITY, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPIES, CASE OF AIDS, CONDOM USE, CONDOMS, CROPS, DISTRIBUTION OF CONDOMS, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATION PROGRAMS, EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HIV, HIV INFECTION, HIV POSITIVE, HIV TESTING, HOUSING, INFORMATION, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, INTERVENTIONS, IRON, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF CONDOM USE, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LITERATURE, MEDIA, MEDICAL RESEARCH, MIGRATION, MORTALITY, NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL, OLDER PEOPLE, PAPERS, PARTNERSHIP, PATIENTS, PREVENTION EFFORTS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, RADIO, RATES OF RETURN, RISK OF INFECTION, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SEX EDUCATION, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SEXUAL PARTNERS, SEXUAL PRACTICES, SOCIAL SCIENCES, TEACHERS, TRANSMISSION, UNAIDS, UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION, UNPROTECTED SEX, VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING, VOLUNTARY TESTING, WORKERS, YOUNG ADULTS