Using Contingent Valuation in the Design of Payments for Environmental Services Mechanisms : A Review and Assessment
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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As the use of payments for environmental
services (PES) programs for conservation has grown in
developing countries, the use of stated preference methods,
particularly contingent valuation (CV) surveys, to estimate
the maximum amount that users of environmental services
(buyers) would be willing to pay has also increased. This
paper reviews 25 CV studies conducted in the context of PES
programs (CV-PES) and assesses their quality and usefulness
for designing PES programs. Almost all these studies attempt
to estimate the demand of downstream water users for
up-stream watershed protection and, more generally, for
improved water services. Most studies were methodologically
uninspired and generally low-quality applications of stated
preference methods, with limited policy relevance. The
quality and usefulness of CV-PES studies could be
substantially improved at only a modest increase in costs.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, AQUEDUCTS, AVERAGE WATER USE, CALIBRATION, CLEAN WATER, COMMERCIAL WATER, COMMUNITY WATER, COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY, CONSERVATION, CONSUMERS, CONTINGENT VALUATION, CONTINGENT VALUATION STUDY, COST OF WATER, DECISION MAKERS, DEMAND FOR WATER, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, DOMESTIC WATER, DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY, DOMESTIC WATER USERS, DOWNSTREAM USERS, DOWNSTREAM WATER USERS, DRINKING WATER, ECOSYSTEM, ENGINEERING, EROSION, FARMERS, FIXED CHARGE, FIXED FEE, FLOODS, FORESTRY, HECTARE PER YEAR, HOUSEHOLD DEMAND, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD WATER, HOUSEHOLD WATER USE, HOUSEHOLDS, HYDROELECTRIC POWER, HYDROPOWER, INDUSTRIAL USERS, IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, IRRIGATORS, LAND USE PRACTICES, MONTHLY WATER BILL, MONTHLY WATER BILLS, MUNICIPALITIES, NATURAL RESOURCES, PCB, PIPED WATER, PIPED WATER DISTRIBUTION, PROGRAMS, REEFS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL COMMUNITY, RURAL WATER, RURAL WATER SUPPLY, RURAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, SCIENCES, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE IMPROVEMENT, SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICE QUALITY, SLUMS, SMALL COMMUNITIES, SMALL TOWNS, SMALL WATERSHED, TARIFF INCREASE, TARIFF STRUCTURE, TOWN, TOWN OFFICIALS, URBAN WATER, UTILITIES, WASTEWATER, WATER CHARGES, WATER DISTRIBUTION, WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, WATER POLICY, WATER PRICING, WATER PRICING REFORMS, WATER PROGRAMS, WATER QUALITY, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SERVICE, WATER SERVICE PROVIDERS, WATER SERVICES, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS, WATER SYSTEM, WATER TARIFF, WATER TARIFFS, WATER USE, WATER USER, WATER USERS, WATER UTILITY, WATERSHED, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, WATERSHEDS, environmental services