Development, Modernization, and Son Preference in Fertility Decisions

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dc.creatorSchady, Norbert
dc.creatorFilmer, Deon
dc.creatorFriedman, Jed
dc.date2012-06-04T16:06:22Z
dc.date2012-06-04T16:06:22Z
dc.date2008-09
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:18:28Z
dc.descriptionA family preference for sons over daughters may manifest itself in different ways, including higher mortality, worse health status, or lower educational attainment among girls. This study focuses on one measure of son preference in the developing world, namely the likelihood of continued childbearing given the gender composition of existing children in the family. The authors use an unusually large data set, covering 65 countries and approximately 5 million births. The analysis shows that son preference is apparent in many regions of the developing world and is particularly large in South Asia and in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. Modernization does not appear to reduce son preference. For example, in South Asia son preference is larger for women with more education and is increasing over time. The explanation for these patterns appears to be that latent son preference in childbearing is more likely to manifest itself when fertility levels are low. As a result of son preference, girls tend to grow up with significantly more siblings than boys do, which may have implications for their wellbeing if there are quantity-quality trade-offs that result in fewer material and emotional resources allocated to children in larger families.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/09/9840974/development-modernization-son-preference-fertility-decisions
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6995
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4716
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/416907
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 4716
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectADOLESCENCE
dc.subjectBIRTH COHORT
dc.subjectBIRTH ORDER
dc.subjectBIRTH SPACING
dc.subjectBULLETIN
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCHILD NUTRITION
dc.subjectCHILDBEARING
dc.subjectCHINESE POPULATION
dc.subjectCONSEQUENCES OF FERTILITY
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE USE
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT OF BOYS
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectECONOMIC CHANGE
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESOURCES
dc.subjectEDUCATED MOTHERS
dc.subjectEDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectEQUAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectEXCESS MORTALITY
dc.subjectFAMILY BACKGROUND
dc.subjectFAMILY COMPOSITION
dc.subjectFAMILY PREFERENCE
dc.subjectFAMILY SIZE
dc.subjectFAMILY SIZES
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE CHILDREN
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFERTILITY BEHAVIOR
dc.subjectFERTILITY DECLINE
dc.subjectFERTILITY LEVELS
dc.subjectFERTILITY PREFERENCES
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATES
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER BALANCE
dc.subjectGENDER COMPOSITION
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY IN RIGHTS
dc.subjectGENDER PREFERENCE
dc.subjectGENDER PREFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDERS
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINHERITANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES
dc.subjectJUSTICE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLARGER FAMILIES
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIFETIME FERTILITY
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectMODERNIZATION
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectNUMBER OF BIRTHS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUMBER OF GIRLS
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectNUTRITIONAL STATUS
dc.subjectOLD-AGE
dc.subjectPARITY
dc.subjectPLACE OF RESIDENCE
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOORER WOMEN
dc.subjectPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOPULATION ESTIMATES
dc.subjectPOPULATION STUDIES
dc.subjectPREFERENCE FOR SONS
dc.subjectPREGNANCY
dc.subjectPREGNANCY STATUS
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPUBLIC POLICY
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectREADING
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSECOND BIRTHS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX BIAS
dc.subjectSEX PREFERENCE
dc.subjectSEX PREFERENCES
dc.subjectSEX RATIO
dc.subjectSEX RATIOS
dc.subjectSON PREFERENCE
dc.subjectSOUTH ASIAN
dc.subjectSUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
dc.subjectTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBANIZATION
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.titleDevelopment, Modernization, and Son Preference in Fertility Decisions

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