Impact of Malaria Control on the Demand for ACTs
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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As planning for malaria shifts from
control to elimination and eventual eradication,
policymakers are faced with decisions about resource
allocation, and best approaches for financing malaria
control interventions. At the operational level, these
decisions will determine the relative emphasis on different
tools such as insecticide treated nets (ITNs), indoor
residual spraying (IRS) and artemisinin-based combinations
(ACTs) in various local settings. At a global level, these
decisions will guide the appropriate role of global
financing mechanisms such as the Affordable Medicines
Facility for Malaria (AMFm) in the malaria elimination
effort. Previous papers have separately examined the
cost-effectiveness of individual tools like IRS and ITNs and
financing mechanisms such as the AMFm. Here we look at the
cost-effectiveness of AMFm at different transmission
intensities and levels of malaria control. We find that
deaths averted as a result of AMFm are maximized when other
control measures such as ITNs are simultaneously applied.
Although policymakers have to tradeoff between investments
in AMFm and malaria prevention tools, our results indicate
strong synergies that get stronger as malaria control is amplified.
Palabras clave
ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES, ANOPHELES, ANOPHELES MOSQUITOES, ANTIMALARIAL, ANTIMALARIAL DRUG, ANTIMALARIAL DRUG RESISTANCE, ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS, ANTIMALARIALS, ASEXUAL PARASITES, BACK MALARIA, BED NETS, BLIND, BURDEN OF MALARIA, CASE MANAGEMENT, CHILD DEATHS, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD SURVIVAL, CLINICAL CASES, CLINICAL MALARIA, CLINICS, COMBINATION THERAPIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, DISABILITY, DISEASE, DISEASE BURDEN, DISEASE TRANSMISSION, DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DRUG RESISTANCE, DRUG TREATMENT, DRUG USE, EFFECTIVE ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS, ENDEMIC COUNTRIES, FALCIPARUM MALARIA, FAMILIES, FEVER, FEVERS, FOREST COVER, GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT, GLOBAL HEALTH, HEALTH POLICY, HIV, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMPACT OF MALARIA, IMPREGNATED BEDNETS, INFECTION, INFECTIONS, INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS, LARVAL ECOLOGY, MALARIA BURDEN, MALARIA CASES, MALARIA CONTROL, MALARIA CONTROL ACTIVITIES, MALARIA DEATHS, MALARIA DRUGS, MALARIA INCIDENCE, MALARIA MORBIDITY, MALARIA PARASITES, MALARIA PREVENTION, MALARIA TRANSMISSION, MALARIA TREATMENT, MEDICINE, MEFLOQUINE, MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY, MOSQUITO NETS, NEW INFECTIONS, NUMBER OF DEATHS, NUTRITION, PARASITE DEVELOPMENT, PARASITE POPULATION, PARASITEMIA, PARASITES, PARASITOLOGY, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM, POPULATION DYNAMICS, PREGNANCY, PREVALENCE, PREVENTING MALARIA, PREVENTION OF MALARIA, PREVENTIVE TREATMENT, PROGRESS, PUBLIC SECTOR CLINICS, PYRIMETHAMINE, RESIDUAL SPRAYING, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, SEVERE MALARIA, SEVERE MALARIA MORBIDITY, SOCIAL MARKETING, SPECIES, SULFADOXINE, SYMPTOMATIC INFECTIONS, SYMPTOMS, THERAPIES, THERAPY, TRANSMISSION INTENSITY, TREATED NETS, TREATMENT, TUBERCULOSIS, VACCINE, VACCINES, VECTOR CONTROL, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, artemisinin-based combinations