How Do Women Weather Economic Shocks? What We Know

Sabarwal, Shwetlena; Sinha, Nistha; Buvinic, Mayra

How Do Women Weather Economic Shocks? What We Know

Autores

Sabarwal, Shwetlena

Sinha, Nistha

Buvinic, Mayra

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

Do women weather economic shocks differently than men? First-round impacts of economic crises on women's employment should be more prominent in this recent economic downturn than historically because of women's increased participation in the globalized workforce. Second-round impacts result from the strategies that vulnerable households use to cope with declining income, which can vary by gender. In the past, women from low-income households have typically entered the labor force, while women from high-income households have often exited the labor market in response to economic crises. Evidence also suggests that women defer fertility during economic crises and that child schooling and child survival are adversely affected, mainly in low-income countries, with girls suffering more adverse health effects than boys. These impacts underscore the need for providing income to women in poor countries to help household's better cope with the effects of economic shocks.

Palabras clave

AGE GROUP, BABIES, BEHAVIOR · CHANGE, BUSINESS CYCLE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD LABOR, CHILD SURVIVAL, CHILDBEARING, DEBT CRISES, DEBT CRISIS, DEPRESSION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DISABILITY, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC CRISES, ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS, ECONOMIC PROSPERITY, ECONOMIC SHOCK, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN, EDUCATED WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT RATES, EMPLOYMENT TRENDS, ETHNIC GROUP, EXPORT-ORIENTED INDUSTRIES, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY PLANNING, FASHION, FEMALE, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, FEMALE WORKERS, FEMINIST, FERTILITY, FERTILITY BEHAVIOR, FERTILITY RATES, FINANCIAL MARKETS, GENDER, GENDER DIFFERENCE, GENDER DIFFERENCES, HEALTH OF GIRLS, HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUSBANDS, ILLITERATE WOMEN, INFANT, INFANT DEATHS, INFANT MORTALITY, INFORMAL ECONOMY, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN, JOB LOSS, JOBS, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR POLICY, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LABOUR OFFICE, LABOUR SUPPLY, LARGE NUMBERS OF WOMEN, LIVE BIRTHS, LOW- INCOME COUNTRIES, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, LOWER FERTILITY, MALE COUNTERPARTS, MARRIED WOMEN, MOTHERS, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OLDER WOMEN, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR FAMILIES, POOR WOMEN, PREFERENCE FOR SONS, PREGNANCY, PRIVATE SECTOR, REMITTANCES, RETRENCHED WORKERS, ROLE OF WOMEN, RURAL AREAS, SAFETY, SAFETY NET, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SERVICE SECTORS, SINGLE WOMEN, SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS, TEENAGE GIRLS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, WAGES, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORKING WOMEN, YOUNG WOMEN