Forests and trees supporting rural livelihoods
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In Myanmar and Vietnam the political framework is conducive to support the allocation of forests to farm communities and private households, to facilitate community and farm forestry and to support the establishment of community forestry user groups and enterprises. The main crops planted in both countries are rice and maize. In Myanmar most crops are used for subsistence purposes, in particular in Chin State. In Vietnam about two thirds of the planted crops are sold in the market. In the provi nces included in the survey the agricultural area available for each person in Myanmar was found to be four times larger than in Vietnam, while the forest area per person was four times smaller. Accordingly, the results of the survey suggest that, in Myanmar, more than half of the peoples’ income originates from agriculture, whereas forestry supplies only 8% of the total family income. Forests and trees have a higher significance for rural livelihoods in Vietnam, where the bigger part of the fam ily income originates from forestry while agriculture only supplies less than one third. In Myanmar rural communities plant trees on both the communal and individually owned forest land. The most preferred species for planting are hardwoods, namely Teak (Tectona grandis) and Pyinkado (Xylia xylocarpa), as well as some eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.). Some communities also plant other fast growing species (Gmelina, Acacia, Cassia). In Vietnam many communities possess individual land use rights for fo rests besides some communal woodlots. Farmers plant mainly fast-growing species (Acacia spp, Magnolia conifera, Bamboo, Melia azedarach, Chukrasia tabularis) and some trees that produce non-wood forest products (star anise, canarium nuts, cinnamon, styrax resin).