Rural Electrification in Tunisia : National Commitment, Efficient Implementation and Sound Finances
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Tunisia's achievement of 100
percent urban and 88 percent rural electrification is
remarkable, all the more so because the country's
definition of rural electrification is restricted to
connections made outside incorporated areas. Compared to
rural populations in other developing countries with high
rates of electrification, Tunisia's rural
population-although only 35 percent of the total
population-is highly dispersed and isolated, with long
distances between small groups of often scattered houses.
This characteristic, combined with the Government's
social commitment to connecting all households, has highly
influenced program costs and choice of institutional set-up,
distribution system, and technology. This paper reports on
the major factors contributing to Tunisia's successful
rural electrification program, primarily: 1) the national
commitment to rural electrification as part of a broader,
integrated rural development program emphasizing social
equity; 2) an effective institutional structure and
coordination of project planning and selection; 3) the
utility's sound management and continuing process of
technical innovation; 4) the robust financial arrangements;
and 5) the complementary strategy of using photovoltaic
cells to serve isolated users.
Palabras clave
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, BENEFITS OF ELECTRIFICATION, CHANGE IN DEMAND, CONSUMER SURPLUS, CONSUMERS, COST SAVINGS, DATA COLLECTION, ECONOMIC BENEFITS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES, ELECTRIC LIGHTING, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY DELIVERY, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION, ELECTRICITY PRICES, ELECTRICITY USE, ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT, ENGINEERING, ENGINEERING, ENGINEERS, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMISTS, EXPENDITURES, FORMAL ANALYSIS, GENERATORS, GRIDS, HEALTH SERVICES, INFORMATION ACCESS, IRRIGATION, LIVING STANDARDS, MANAGEMENT, PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY, PHOTOVOLTAIC HOUSEHOLD ELECTRIFICATION, PHOTOVOLTAIC INITIATIVES, PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER, PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION, POWER OUTAGES, POWER CONVERSION, POWER CONSUMPTION, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRAMS, PROJECT EVALUATION, RADIO, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESEARCH METHODS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, SAVINGS, SCIENTISTS, SOCIAL EQUITY, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, WILLINGNESS TO PAY